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// Copyright 2020-2024 Junekey Jeon
//
// The contents of this file may be used under the terms of
// the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
//
// (See accompanying file LICENSE-Apache or copy at
// https://llvm.org/foundation/relicensing/LICENSE.txt)
//
// Alternatively, the contents of this file may be used under the terms of
// the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.
// (See accompanying file LICENSE-Boost or copy at
// https://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, this software
// is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
// KIND, either express or implied.
#ifndef JKJ_HEADER_DRAGONBOX
#define JKJ_HEADER_DRAGONBOX
// Attribute for storing static data into a dedicated place, e.g. flash memory. Every ODR-used
// static data declaration will be decorated with this macro. The users may define this macro,
// before including the library headers, into whatever they want.
#ifndef JKJ_STATIC_DATA_SECTION
#define JKJ_STATIC_DATA_SECTION
#else
#define JKJ_STATIC_DATA_SECTION_DEFINED 1
#endif
// To use the library with toolchains without standard C++ headers, the users may define this macro
// into their custom namespace which contains the definitions of all the standard C++ library
// features used in this header. (The list can be found below.)
#ifndef JKJ_STD_REPLACEMENT_NAMESPACE
#define JKJ_STD_REPLACEMENT_NAMESPACE std
#include <cassert>
#include <cstdint>
#include <cstring>
#include <limits>
#include <type_traits>
#ifdef __has_include
#if __has_include(<version>)
#include <version>
#endif
#endif
#else
#define JKJ_STD_REPLACEMENT_NAMESPACE_DEFINED 1
#endif
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Language feature detections.
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// C++14 constexpr
#if defined(__cpp_constexpr) && __cpp_constexpr >= 201304L
#define JKJ_HAS_CONSTEXPR14 1
#elif __cplusplus >= 201402L
#define JKJ_HAS_CONSTEXPR14 1
#elif defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER >= 1910 && _MSVC_LANG >= 201402L
#define JKJ_HAS_CONSTEXPR14 1
#else
#define JKJ_HAS_CONSTEXPR14 0
#endif
#if JKJ_HAS_CONSTEXPR14
#define JKJ_CONSTEXPR14 constexpr
#else
#define JKJ_CONSTEXPR14
#endif
// C++17 constexpr lambdas
#if defined(__cpp_constexpr) && __cpp_constexpr >= 201603L
#define JKJ_HAS_CONSTEXPR17 1
#elif __cplusplus >= 201703L
#define JKJ_HAS_CONSTEXPR17 1
#elif defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER >= 1911 && _MSVC_LANG >= 201703L
#define JKJ_HAS_CONSTEXPR17 1
#else
#define JKJ_HAS_CONSTEXPR17 0
#endif
// C++17 inline variables
#if defined(__cpp_inline_variables) && __cpp_inline_variables >= 201606L
#define JKJ_HAS_INLINE_VARIABLE 1
#elif __cplusplus >= 201703L
#define JKJ_HAS_INLINE_VARIABLE 1
#elif defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER >= 1912 && _MSVC_LANG >= 201703L
#define JKJ_HAS_INLINE_VARIABLE 1
#else
#define JKJ_HAS_INLINE_VARIABLE 0
#endif
#if JKJ_HAS_INLINE_VARIABLE
#define JKJ_INLINE_VARIABLE inline constexpr
#else
#define JKJ_INLINE_VARIABLE static constexpr
#endif
// C++17 if constexpr
#if defined(__cpp_if_constexpr) && __cpp_if_constexpr >= 201606L
#define JKJ_HAS_IF_CONSTEXPR 1
#elif __cplusplus >= 201703L
#define JKJ_HAS_IF_CONSTEXPR 1
#elif defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER >= 1911 && _MSVC_LANG >= 201703L
#define JKJ_HAS_IF_CONSTEXPR 1
#else
#define JKJ_HAS_IF_CONSTEXPR 0
#endif
#if JKJ_HAS_IF_CONSTEXPR
#define JKJ_IF_CONSTEXPR if constexpr
#else
#define JKJ_IF_CONSTEXPR if
#endif
// C++20 std::bit_cast
#if JKJ_STD_REPLACEMENT_NAMESPACE_DEFINED
#if JKJ_STD_REPLACEMENT_HAS_BIT_CAST
#define JKJ_HAS_BIT_CAST 1
#else
#define JKJ_HAS_BIT_CAST 0
#endif
#elif defined(__cpp_lib_bit_cast) && __cpp_lib_bit_cast >= 201806L
#include <bit>
#define JKJ_HAS_BIT_CAST 1
#else
#define JKJ_HAS_BIT_CAST 0
#endif
// C++23 if consteval or C++20 std::is_constant_evaluated
#if defined(__cpp_if_consteval) && __cpp_is_consteval >= 202106L
#define JKJ_IF_CONSTEVAL if consteval
#define JKJ_IF_NOT_CONSTEVAL if !consteval
#define JKJ_CAN_BRANCH_ON_CONSTEVAL 1
#define JKJ_USE_IS_CONSTANT_EVALUATED 0
#elif JKJ_STD_REPLACEMENT_NAMESPACE_DEFINED
#if JKJ_STD_REPLACEMENT_HAS_IS_CONSTANT_EVALUATED
#define JKJ_IF_CONSTEVAL if (stdr::is_constant_evaluated())
#define JKJ_IF_NOT_CONSTEVAL if (!stdr::is_constant_evaluated())
#define JKJ_CAN_BRANCH_ON_CONSTEVAL 1
#define JKJ_USE_IS_CONSTANT_EVALUATED 1
#elif JKJ_HAS_IF_CONSTEXPR
#define JKJ_IF_CONSTEVAL if constexpr (false)
#define JKJ_IF_NOT_CONSTEVAL if constexpr (true)
#define JKJ_CAN_BRANCH_ON_CONSTEVAL 0
#define JKJ_USE_IS_CONSTANT_EVALUATED 0
#else
#define JKJ_IF_CONSTEVAL if (false)
#define JKJ_IF_NOT_CONSTEVAL if (true)
#define JKJ_CAN_BRANCH_ON_CONSTEVAL 0
#define JKJ_USE_IS_CONSTANT_EVALUATED 0
#endif
#else
#if defined(__cpp_lib_is_constant_evaluated) && __cpp_lib_is_constant_evaluated >= 201811L
#define JKJ_IF_CONSTEVAL if (stdr::is_constant_evaluated())
#define JKJ_IF_NOT_CONSTEVAL if (!stdr::is_constant_evaluated())
#define JKJ_CAN_BRANCH_ON_CONSTEVAL 1
#define JKJ_USE_IS_CONSTANT_EVALUATED 1
#elif JKJ_HAS_IF_CONSTEXPR
#define JKJ_IF_CONSTEVAL if constexpr (false)
#define JKJ_IF_NOT_CONSTEVAL if constexpr (true)
#define JKJ_CAN_BRANCH_ON_CONSTEVAL 0
#define JKJ_USE_IS_CONSTANT_EVALUATED 0
#else
#define JKJ_IF_CONSTEVAL if (false)
#define JKJ_IF_NOT_CONSTEVAL if (true)
#define JKJ_CAN_BRANCH_ON_CONSTEVAL 0
#define JKJ_USE_IS_CONSTANT_EVALUATED 0
#endif
#endif
#if JKJ_CAN_BRANCH_ON_CONSTEVAL && JKJ_HAS_BIT_CAST
#define JKJ_CONSTEXPR20 constexpr
#else
#define JKJ_CONSTEXPR20
#endif
// Suppress additional buffer overrun check.
// I have no idea why MSVC thinks some functions here are vulnerable to the buffer overrun
// attacks. No, they aren't.
#if defined(__GNUC__) || defined(__clang__)
#define JKJ_SAFEBUFFERS
#define JKJ_FORCEINLINE inline __attribute__((always_inline))
#elif defined(_MSC_VER)
#define JKJ_SAFEBUFFERS __declspec(safebuffers)
#define JKJ_FORCEINLINE __forceinline
#else
#define JKJ_SAFEBUFFERS
#define JKJ_FORCEINLINE inline
#endif
#if defined(__has_builtin)
#define JKJ_HAS_BUILTIN(x) __has_builtin(x)
#else
#define JKJ_HAS_BUILTIN(x) false
#endif
#if defined(_MSC_VER)
#include <intrin.h>
#elif defined(__INTEL_COMPILER)
#include <immintrin.h>
#endif
namespace jkj {
namespace dragonbox {
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// The Compatibility layer for toolchains without standard C++ headers.
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
namespace detail {
namespace stdr {
// <bit>
#if JKJ_HAS_BIT_CAST
using JKJ_STD_REPLACEMENT_NAMESPACE::bit_cast;
#endif
// <cassert>
// We need assert() macro, but it is not namespaced anyway, so nothing to do here.
// <cstdint>
using JKJ_STD_REPLACEMENT_NAMESPACE::int_least8_t;
using JKJ_STD_REPLACEMENT_NAMESPACE::int_least16_t;
using JKJ_STD_REPLACEMENT_NAMESPACE::int_least32_t;
using JKJ_STD_REPLACEMENT_NAMESPACE::int_fast8_t;
using JKJ_STD_REPLACEMENT_NAMESPACE::int_fast16_t;
using JKJ_STD_REPLACEMENT_NAMESPACE::int_fast32_t;
using JKJ_STD_REPLACEMENT_NAMESPACE::uint_least8_t;
using JKJ_STD_REPLACEMENT_NAMESPACE::uint_least16_t;
using JKJ_STD_REPLACEMENT_NAMESPACE::uint_least32_t;
using JKJ_STD_REPLACEMENT_NAMESPACE::uint_least64_t;
using JKJ_STD_REPLACEMENT_NAMESPACE::uint_fast8_t;
using JKJ_STD_REPLACEMENT_NAMESPACE::uint_fast16_t;
using JKJ_STD_REPLACEMENT_NAMESPACE::uint_fast32_t;
// We need INT32_C, UINT32_C and UINT64_C macros too, but again there is nothing to do
// here.
// <cstring>
using JKJ_STD_REPLACEMENT_NAMESPACE::size_t;
using JKJ_STD_REPLACEMENT_NAMESPACE::memcpy;
// <limits>
template <class T>
using numeric_limits = JKJ_STD_REPLACEMENT_NAMESPACE::numeric_limits<T>;
// <type_traits>
template <bool cond, class T = void>
using enable_if = JKJ_STD_REPLACEMENT_NAMESPACE::enable_if<cond, T>;
template <class T>
using add_rvalue_reference = JKJ_STD_REPLACEMENT_NAMESPACE::add_rvalue_reference<T>;
template <bool cond, class T_true, class T_false>
using conditional = JKJ_STD_REPLACEMENT_NAMESPACE::conditional<cond, T_true, T_false>;
#if JKJ_USE_IS_CONSTANT_EVALUATED
using JKJ_STD_REPLACEMENT_NAMESPACE::is_constant_evaluated;
#endif
template <class T1, class T2>
using is_same = JKJ_STD_REPLACEMENT_NAMESPACE::is_same<T1, T2>;
#if !JKJ_HAS_BIT_CAST
template <class T>
using is_trivially_copyable = JKJ_STD_REPLACEMENT_NAMESPACE::is_trivially_copyable<T>;
#endif
template <class T>
using is_integral = JKJ_STD_REPLACEMENT_NAMESPACE::is_integral<T>;
template <class T>
using is_signed = JKJ_STD_REPLACEMENT_NAMESPACE::is_signed<T>;
template <class T>
using is_unsigned = JKJ_STD_REPLACEMENT_NAMESPACE::is_unsigned<T>;
}
}
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Some general utilities for C++11-compatibility.
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
namespace detail {
#if !JKJ_HAS_CONSTEXPR17
template <stdr::size_t... indices>
struct index_sequence {};
template <stdr::size_t current, stdr::size_t total, class Dummy, stdr::size_t... indices>
struct make_index_sequence_impl {
using type = typename make_index_sequence_impl<current + 1, total, Dummy, indices...,
current>::type;
};
template <stdr::size_t total, class Dummy, stdr::size_t... indices>
struct make_index_sequence_impl<total, total, Dummy, indices...> {
using type = index_sequence<indices...>;
};
template <stdr::size_t N>
using make_index_sequence = typename make_index_sequence_impl<0, N, void>::type;
#endif
// Available since C++11, but including <utility> just for this is an overkill.
template <class T>
typename stdr::add_rvalue_reference<T>::type declval() noexcept;
// Similarly, including <array> is an overkill.
template <class T, stdr::size_t N>
struct array {
T data_[N];
constexpr T operator[](stdr::size_t idx) const noexcept { return data_[idx]; }
JKJ_CONSTEXPR14 T& operator[](stdr::size_t idx) noexcept { return data_[idx]; }
};
}
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Some basic features for encoding/decoding IEEE-754 formats.
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
namespace detail {
template <class T>
struct physical_bits {
static constexpr stdr::size_t value =
sizeof(T) * stdr::numeric_limits<unsigned char>::digits;
};
template <class T>
struct value_bits {
static constexpr stdr::size_t value = stdr::numeric_limits<
typename stdr::enable_if<stdr::is_integral<T>::value, T>::type>::digits;
};
template <typename To, typename From>
JKJ_CONSTEXPR20 To bit_cast(const From& from) {
#if JKJ_HAS_BIT_CAST
return stdr::bit_cast<To>(from);
#else
static_assert(sizeof(From) == sizeof(To), "");
static_assert(stdr::is_trivially_copyable<To>::value, "");
static_assert(stdr::is_trivially_copyable<From>::value, "");
To to;
stdr::memcpy(&to, &from, sizeof(To));
return to;
#endif
}
}
// These classes expose encoding specs of IEEE-754-like floating-point formats.
// Currently available formats are IEEE-754 binary32 & IEEE-754 binary64.
struct ieee754_binary32 {
static constexpr int total_bits = 32;
static constexpr int significand_bits = 23;
static constexpr int exponent_bits = 8;
static constexpr int min_exponent = -126;
static constexpr int max_exponent = 127;
static constexpr int exponent_bias = -127;
static constexpr int decimal_significand_digits = 9;
static constexpr int decimal_exponent_digits = 2;
};
struct ieee754_binary64 {
static constexpr int total_bits = 64;
static constexpr int significand_bits = 52;
static constexpr int exponent_bits = 11;
static constexpr int min_exponent = -1022;
static constexpr int max_exponent = 1023;
static constexpr int exponent_bias = -1023;
static constexpr int decimal_significand_digits = 17;
static constexpr int decimal_exponent_digits = 3;
};
// A floating-point format traits class defines ways to interpret a bit pattern of given size as
// an encoding of floating-point number. This is an implementation of such a traits class,
// supporting ways to interpret IEEE-754 binary floating-point numbers.
template <class Format, class CarrierUInt, class ExponentInt = int>
struct ieee754_binary_traits {
// CarrierUInt needs to have enough size to hold the entire contents of floating-point
// numbers. The actual bits are assumed to be aligned to the LSB, and every other bits are
// assumed to be zeroed.
static_assert(detail::value_bits<CarrierUInt>::value >= Format::total_bits,
"jkj::dragonbox: insufficient number of bits");
static_assert(detail::stdr::is_unsigned<CarrierUInt>::value, "");
// ExponentUInt needs to be large enough to hold (unsigned) exponent bits as well as the
// (signed) actual exponent.
// TODO: static overflow guard against intermediate computations.
static_assert(detail::value_bits<ExponentInt>::value >= Format::exponent_bits + 1,
"jkj::dragonbox: insufficient number of bits");
static_assert(detail::stdr::is_signed<ExponentInt>::value, "");
using format = Format;
using carrier_uint = CarrierUInt;
static constexpr int carrier_bits = int(detail::value_bits<carrier_uint>::value);
using exponent_int = ExponentInt;
// Extract exponent bits from a bit pattern.
// The result must be aligned to the LSB so that there is no additional zero paddings
// on the right. This function does not do bias adjustment.
static constexpr exponent_int extract_exponent_bits(carrier_uint u) noexcept {
return exponent_int((u >> format::significand_bits) &
((exponent_int(1) << format::exponent_bits) - 1));
}
// Extract significand bits from a bit pattern.
// The result must be aligned to the LSB so that there is no additional zero paddings
// on the right. The result does not contain the implicit bit.
static constexpr carrier_uint extract_significand_bits(carrier_uint u) noexcept {
return carrier_uint(u & ((carrier_uint(1) << format::significand_bits) - 1u));
}
// Remove the exponent bits and extract significand bits together with the sign bit.
static constexpr carrier_uint remove_exponent_bits(carrier_uint u) noexcept {
return carrier_uint(u & ~(((carrier_uint(1) << format::exponent_bits) - 1u)
<< format::significand_bits));
}
// Shift the obtained signed significand bits to the left by 1 to remove the sign bit.
static constexpr carrier_uint remove_sign_bit_and_shift(carrier_uint u) noexcept {
return carrier_uint((carrier_uint(u) << 1) &
((((carrier_uint(1) << (Format::total_bits - 1)) - 1u) << 1) | 1u));
}
// Obtain the actual value of the binary exponent from the extracted exponent bits.
static constexpr exponent_int binary_exponent(exponent_int exponent_bits) noexcept {
return exponent_int(exponent_bits == 0 ? format::min_exponent
: exponent_bits + format::exponent_bias);
}
// Obtain the actual value of the binary significand from the extracted significand bits
// and exponent bits.
static constexpr carrier_uint binary_significand(carrier_uint significand_bits,
exponent_int exponent_bits) noexcept {
return carrier_uint(
exponent_bits == 0
? significand_bits
: (significand_bits | (carrier_uint(1) << format::significand_bits)));
}
/* Various boolean observer functions */
static constexpr bool is_nonzero(carrier_uint u) noexcept {
return (u & ((carrier_uint(1) << (format::significand_bits + format::exponent_bits)) -
1u)) != 0;
}
static constexpr bool is_positive(carrier_uint u) noexcept {
return u < (carrier_uint(1) << (format::significand_bits + format::exponent_bits));
}
static constexpr bool is_negative(carrier_uint u) noexcept { return !is_positive(u); }
static constexpr bool is_finite(exponent_int exponent_bits) noexcept {
return exponent_bits != ((exponent_int(1) << format::exponent_bits) - 1);
}
static constexpr bool has_all_zero_significand_bits(carrier_uint u) noexcept {
return ((u << 1) &
((((carrier_uint(1) << (Format::total_bits - 1)) - 1u) << 1) | 1u)) == 0;
}
static constexpr bool has_even_significand_bits(carrier_uint u) noexcept {
return u % 2 == 0;
}
};
// Convert between bit patterns stored in carrier_uint and instances of an actual
// floating-point type. Depending on format and carrier_uint, this operation might not
// be possible for some specific bit patterns. However, the contract is that u always
// denotes a valid bit pattern, so the functions here are assumed to be noexcept.
// Users might specialize this class to change the behavior for certain types.
// The default provided by the library is to treat the given floating-point type Float as either
// IEEE-754 binary32 or IEEE-754 binary64, depending on the bitwise size of Float.
template <class Float>
struct default_float_bit_carrier_conversion_traits {
// Guards against types that have different internal representations than IEEE-754
// binary32/64. I don't know if there is a truly reliable way of detecting IEEE-754 binary
// formats. I just did my best here. Note that in some cases
// numeric_limits<Float>::is_iec559 may report false even if the internal representation is
// IEEE-754 compatible. In such a case, the user can specialize this traits template and
// remove this static sanity check in order to make Dragonbox work for Float.
static_assert(detail::stdr::numeric_limits<Float>::is_iec559 &&
detail::stdr::numeric_limits<Float>::radix == 2 &&
(detail::physical_bits<Float>::value == 32 ||
detail::physical_bits<Float>::value == 64),
"jkj::dragonbox: Float may not be of IEEE-754 binary32/binary64");
// Specifies the unsigned integer type to hold bitwise value of Float.
using carrier_uint =
typename detail::stdr::conditional<detail::physical_bits<Float>::value == 32,
detail::stdr::uint_least32_t,
detail::stdr::uint_least64_t>::type;
// Specifies the floating-point format.
using format = typename detail::stdr::conditional<detail::physical_bits<Float>::value == 32,
ieee754_binary32, ieee754_binary64>::type;
// Converts the floating-point type into the bit-carrier unsigned integer type.
static JKJ_CONSTEXPR20 carrier_uint float_to_carrier(Float x) noexcept {
return detail::bit_cast<carrier_uint>(x);
}
// Converts the bit-carrier unsigned integer type into the floating-point type.
static JKJ_CONSTEXPR20 Float carrier_to_float(carrier_uint x) noexcept {
return detail::bit_cast<Float>(x);
}
};
// Convenient wrappers for floating-point traits classes.
// In order to reduce the argument passing overhead, these classes should be as simple as
// possible (e.g., no inheritance, no private non-static data member, etc.; this is an
// unfortunate fact about common ABI convention).
template <class FormatTraits>
struct signed_significand_bits {
using format_traits = FormatTraits;
using carrier_uint = typename format_traits::carrier_uint;
carrier_uint u;
signed_significand_bits() = default;
constexpr explicit signed_significand_bits(carrier_uint bit_pattern) noexcept
: u{bit_pattern} {}
// Shift the obtained signed significand bits to the left by 1 to remove the sign bit.
constexpr carrier_uint remove_sign_bit_and_shift() const noexcept {
return format_traits::remove_sign_bit_and_shift(u);
}
constexpr bool is_positive() const noexcept { return format_traits::is_positive(u); }
constexpr bool is_negative() const noexcept { return format_traits::is_negative(u); }
constexpr bool has_all_zero_significand_bits() const noexcept {
return format_traits::has_all_zero_significand_bits(u);
}
constexpr bool has_even_significand_bits() const noexcept {
return format_traits::has_even_significand_bits(u);
}
};
template <class FormatTraits>
struct float_bits {
using format_traits = FormatTraits;
using carrier_uint = typename format_traits::carrier_uint;
using exponent_int = typename format_traits::exponent_int;
carrier_uint u;
float_bits() = default;
constexpr explicit float_bits(carrier_uint bit_pattern) noexcept : u{bit_pattern} {}
// Extract exponent bits from a bit pattern.
// The result must be aligned to the LSB so that there is no additional zero paddings
// on the right. This function does not do bias adjustment.
constexpr exponent_int extract_exponent_bits() const noexcept {
return format_traits::extract_exponent_bits(u);
}
// Extract significand bits from a bit pattern.
// The result must be aligned to the LSB so that there is no additional zero paddings
// on the right. The result does not contain the implicit bit.
constexpr carrier_uint extract_significand_bits() const noexcept {
return format_traits::extract_significand_bits(u);
}
// Remove the exponent bits and extract significand bits together with the sign bit.
constexpr signed_significand_bits<format_traits> remove_exponent_bits() const noexcept {
return signed_significand_bits<format_traits>(format_traits::remove_exponent_bits(u));
}
// Obtain the actual value of the binary exponent from the extracted exponent bits.
static constexpr exponent_int binary_exponent(exponent_int exponent_bits) noexcept {
return format_traits::binary_exponent(exponent_bits);
}
constexpr exponent_int binary_exponent() const noexcept {
return binary_exponent(extract_exponent_bits());
}
// Obtain the actual value of the binary exponent from the extracted significand bits
// and exponent bits.
static constexpr carrier_uint binary_significand(carrier_uint significand_bits,
exponent_int exponent_bits) noexcept {
return format_traits::binary_significand(significand_bits, exponent_bits);
}
constexpr carrier_uint binary_significand() const noexcept {
return binary_significand(extract_significand_bits(), extract_exponent_bits());
}
constexpr bool is_nonzero() const noexcept { return format_traits::is_nonzero(u); }
constexpr bool is_positive() const noexcept { return format_traits::is_positive(u); }
constexpr bool is_negative() const noexcept { return format_traits::is_negative(u); }
constexpr bool is_finite(exponent_int exponent_bits) const noexcept {
return format_traits::is_finite(exponent_bits);
}
constexpr bool is_finite() const noexcept {
return format_traits::is_finite(extract_exponent_bits());
}
constexpr bool has_even_significand_bits() const noexcept {
return format_traits::has_even_significand_bits(u);
}
};
template <class Float,
class ConversionTraits = default_float_bit_carrier_conversion_traits<Float>,
class FormatTraits = ieee754_binary_traits<typename ConversionTraits::format,
typename ConversionTraits::carrier_uint>>
JKJ_CONSTEXPR20 float_bits<FormatTraits> make_float_bits(Float x) noexcept {
return float_bits<FormatTraits>(ConversionTraits::float_to_carrier(x));
}
namespace detail {
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Bit operation intrinsics.
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
namespace bits {
// Most compilers should be able to optimize this into the ROR instruction.
// n is assumed to be at most of bit_width bits.
template <stdr::size_t bit_width, class UInt>
JKJ_CONSTEXPR14 UInt rotr(UInt n, unsigned int r) noexcept {
static_assert(bit_width > 0, "jkj::dragonbox: rotation bit-width must be positive");
static_assert(bit_width <= value_bits<UInt>::value,
"jkj::dragonbox: rotation bit-width is too large");
r &= (bit_width - 1);
return (n >> r) | (n << ((bit_width - r) & (bit_width - 1)));
}
}
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Utilities for wide unsigned integer arithmetic.
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
namespace wuint {
// Compilers might support built-in 128-bit integer types. However, it seems that
// emulating them with a pair of 64-bit integers actually produces a better code,
// so we avoid using those built-ins. That said, they are still useful for
// implementing 64-bit x 64-bit -> 128-bit multiplication.
// clang-format off
#if defined(__SIZEOF_INT128__)
// To silence "error: ISO C++ does not support '__int128' for 'type name'
// [-Wpedantic]"
#if defined(__GNUC__)
__extension__
#endif
using builtin_uint128_t = unsigned __int128;
#endif
// clang-format on
struct uint128 {
uint128() = default;
stdr::uint_least64_t high_;
stdr::uint_least64_t low_;
constexpr uint128(stdr::uint_least64_t high, stdr::uint_least64_t low) noexcept
: high_{high}, low_{low} {}
constexpr stdr::uint_least64_t high() const noexcept { return high_; }
constexpr stdr::uint_least64_t low() const noexcept { return low_; }
JKJ_CONSTEXPR20 uint128& operator+=(stdr::uint_least64_t n) & noexcept {
auto const generic_impl = [&] {
auto const sum = (low_ + n) & UINT64_C(0xffffffffffffffff);
high_ += (sum < low_ ? 1 : 0);
low_ = sum;
};
// To suppress warning.
static_cast<void>(generic_impl);
JKJ_IF_CONSTEXPR(value_bits<stdr::uint_least64_t>::value > 64) {
generic_impl();
return *this;
}
JKJ_IF_CONSTEVAL {
generic_impl();
return *this;
}
// See https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2985.
#if JKJ_HAS_BUILTIN(__builtin_addcll) && !defined(__ibmxl__)
JKJ_IF_CONSTEXPR(
stdr::is_same<stdr::uint_least64_t, unsigned long long>::value) {
unsigned long long carry{};
low_ = stdr::uint_least64_t(__builtin_addcll(low_, n, 0, &carry));
high_ = stdr::uint_least64_t(__builtin_addcll(high_, 0, carry, &carry));
return *this;
}
#endif
#if JKJ_HAS_BUILTIN(__builtin_addcl) && !defined(__ibmxl__)
JKJ_IF_CONSTEXPR(stdr::is_same<stdr::uint_least64_t, unsigned long>::value) {
unsigned long carry{};
low_ = stdr::uint_least64_t(
__builtin_addcl(static_cast<unsigned long>(low_),
static_cast<unsigned long>(n), 0, &carry));
high_ = stdr::uint_least64_t(
__builtin_addcl(static_cast<unsigned long>(high_), 0, carry, &carry));
return *this;
}
#endif
#if JKJ_HAS_BUILTIN(__builtin_addc) && !defined(__ibmxl__)
JKJ_IF_CONSTEXPR(stdr::is_same<stdr::uint_least64_t, unsigned int>::value) {
unsigned int carry{};
low_ = stdr::uint_least64_t(__builtin_addc(static_cast<unsigned int>(low_),
static_cast<unsigned int>(n), 0,
&carry));
high_ = stdr::uint_least64_t(
__builtin_addc(static_cast<unsigned int>(high_), 0, carry, &carry));
return *this;
}
#endif
#if JKJ_HAS_BUILTIN(__builtin_ia32_addcarry_u64)
// __builtin_ia32_addcarry_u64 is not documented, but it seems it takes unsigned
// long long arguments.
unsigned long long result{};
auto const carry = __builtin_ia32_addcarry_u64(0, low_, n, &result);
low_ = stdr::uint_least64_t(result);
__builtin_ia32_addcarry_u64(carry, high_, 0, &result);
high_ = stdr::uint_least64_t(result);
#elif defined(_MSC_VER) && defined(_M_X64)
// On MSVC, uint_least64_t and __int64 must be unsigned long long; see
// https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/cpp/c-runtime-library/standard-types
// and https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/cpp/cpp/int8-int16-int32-int64.
static_assert(stdr::is_same<unsigned long long, stdr::uint_least64_t>::value,
"");
auto const carry = _addcarry_u64(0, low_, n, &low_);
_addcarry_u64(carry, high_, 0, &high_);
#elif defined(__INTEL_COMPILER) && (defined(_M_X64) || defined(__x86_64))
// Cannot find any documentation on how things are defined, but hopefully this
// is always true...
static_assert(stdr::is_same<unsigned __int64, stdr::uint_least64_t>::value, "");
auto const carry = _addcarry_u64(0, low_, n, &low_);
_addcarry_u64(carry, high_, 0, &high_);
#else
generic_impl();
#endif
return *this;
}
};
inline JKJ_CONSTEXPR20 stdr::uint_least64_t umul64(stdr::uint_least32_t x,
stdr::uint_least32_t y) noexcept {
#if defined(_MSC_VER) && defined(_M_IX86)
JKJ_IF_NOT_CONSTEVAL { return __emulu(x, y); }
#endif
return x * stdr::uint_least64_t(y);
}
// Get 128-bit result of multiplication of two 64-bit unsigned integers.
JKJ_SAFEBUFFERS inline JKJ_CONSTEXPR20 uint128
umul128(stdr::uint_least64_t x, stdr::uint_least64_t y) noexcept {
auto const generic_impl = [=]() -> uint128 {
auto const a = stdr::uint_least32_t(x >> 32);
auto const b = stdr::uint_least32_t(x);
auto const c = stdr::uint_least32_t(y >> 32);
auto const d = stdr::uint_least32_t(y);
auto const ac = umul64(a, c);
auto const bc = umul64(b, c);
auto const ad = umul64(a, d);
auto const bd = umul64(b, d);
auto const intermediate =
(bd >> 32) + stdr::uint_least32_t(ad) + stdr::uint_least32_t(bc);
return {ac + (intermediate >> 32) + (ad >> 32) + (bc >> 32),
(intermediate << 32) + stdr::uint_least32_t(bd)};
};
// To silence warning.
static_cast<void>(generic_impl);
#if defined(__SIZEOF_INT128__)
auto const result = builtin_uint128_t(x) * builtin_uint128_t(y);
return {stdr::uint_least64_t(result >> 64), stdr::uint_least64_t(result)};
#elif defined(_MSC_VER) && defined(_M_X64)
JKJ_IF_CONSTEVAL {
// This redundant variable is to workaround MSVC's codegen bug caused by the
// interaction of NRVO and intrinsics.
auto const result = generic_impl();
return result;
}
uint128 result;
#if defined(__AVX2__)
result.low_ = _mulx_u64(x, y, &result.high_);
#else
result.low_ = _umul128(x, y, &result.high_);
#endif
return result;
#else
return generic_impl();
#endif
}
// Get high half of the 128-bit result of multiplication of two 64-bit unsigned
// integers.
JKJ_SAFEBUFFERS inline JKJ_CONSTEXPR20 stdr::uint_least64_t
umul128_upper64(stdr::uint_least64_t x, stdr::uint_least64_t y) noexcept {
auto const generic_impl = [=]() -> stdr::uint_least64_t {
auto const a = stdr::uint_least32_t(x >> 32);
auto const b = stdr::uint_least32_t(x);
auto const c = stdr::uint_least32_t(y >> 32);
auto const d = stdr::uint_least32_t(y);
auto const ac = umul64(a, c);
auto const bc = umul64(b, c);
auto const ad = umul64(a, d);
auto const bd = umul64(b, d);
auto const intermediate =
(bd >> 32) + stdr::uint_least32_t(ad) + stdr::uint_least32_t(bc);
return ac + (intermediate >> 32) + (ad >> 32) + (bc >> 32);
};
// To silence warning.
static_cast<void>(generic_impl);
#if defined(__SIZEOF_INT128__)
auto const result = builtin_uint128_t(x) * builtin_uint128_t(y);
return stdr::uint_least64_t(result >> 64);
#elif defined(_MSC_VER) && defined(_M_X64)
JKJ_IF_CONSTEVAL {
// This redundant variable is to workaround MSVC's codegen bug caused by the
// interaction of NRVO and intrinsics.
auto const result = generic_impl();
return result;
}
stdr::uint_least64_t result;
#if defined(__AVX2__)
_mulx_u64(x, y, &result);
#else
result = __umulh(x, y);
#endif
return result;
#else
return generic_impl();
#endif
}
// Get upper 128-bits of multiplication of a 64-bit unsigned integer and a 128-bit
// unsigned integer.
JKJ_SAFEBUFFERS inline JKJ_CONSTEXPR20 uint128 umul192_upper128(stdr::uint_least64_t x,
uint128 y) noexcept {
auto r = umul128(x, y.high());
r += umul128_upper64(x, y.low());
return r;
}
// Get upper 64-bits of multiplication of a 32-bit unsigned integer and a 64-bit
// unsigned integer.
inline JKJ_CONSTEXPR20 stdr::uint_least64_t
umul96_upper64(stdr::uint_least32_t x, stdr::uint_least64_t y) noexcept {
#if defined(__SIZEOF_INT128__) || (defined(_MSC_VER) && defined(_M_X64))
return umul128_upper64(stdr::uint_least64_t(x) << 32, y);
#else
auto const yh = stdr::uint_least32_t(y >> 32);
auto const yl = stdr::uint_least32_t(y);
auto const xyh = umul64(x, yh);
auto const xyl = umul64(x, yl);
return xyh + (xyl >> 32);
#endif
}
// Get lower 128-bits of multiplication of a 64-bit unsigned integer and a 128-bit
// unsigned integer.
JKJ_SAFEBUFFERS inline JKJ_CONSTEXPR20 uint128 umul192_lower128(stdr::uint_least64_t x,
uint128 y) noexcept {
auto const high = x * y.high();
auto const high_low = umul128(x, y.low());
return {(high + high_low.high()) & UINT64_C(0xffffffffffffffff), high_low.low()};
}
// Get lower 64-bits of multiplication of a 32-bit unsigned integer and a 64-bit
// unsigned integer.
constexpr stdr::uint_least64_t umul96_lower64(stdr::uint_least32_t x,
stdr::uint_least64_t y) noexcept {
return (x * y) & UINT64_C(0xffffffffffffffff);
}
}
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Some simple utilities for constexpr computation.
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
template <int k, class Int>
constexpr Int compute_power(Int a) noexcept {
static_assert(k >= 0, "");
#if JKJ_HAS_CONSTEXPR14
Int p = 1;
for (int i = 0; i < k; ++i) {
p *= a;
}
return p;
#else
return k == 0 ? 1
: k % 2 == 0 ? compute_power<k / 2, Int>(a * a)
: a * compute_power<k / 2, Int>(a * a);
#endif
}
template <int a, class UInt>
constexpr int count_factors(UInt n) noexcept {
static_assert(a > 1, "");
#if JKJ_HAS_CONSTEXPR14
int c = 0;
while (n % a == 0) {
n /= a;
++c;
}
return c;
#else
return n % a == 0 ? count_factors<a, UInt>(n / a) + 1 : 0;
#endif
}
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Utilities for fast/constexpr log computation.
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
namespace log {
static_assert((stdr::int_fast32_t(-1) >> 1) == stdr::int_fast32_t(-1) &&
(stdr::int_fast16_t(-1) >> 1) == stdr::int_fast16_t(-1),
"jkj::dragonbox: right-shift for signed integers must be arithmetic");
// For constexpr computation.
// Returns -1 when n = 0.
template <class UInt>
constexpr int floor_log2(UInt n) noexcept {
#if JKJ_HAS_CONSTEXPR14
int count = -1;
while (n != 0) {
++count;
n >>= 1;
}
return count;
#else
return n == 0 ? -1 : floor_log2<UInt>(n / 2) + 1;
#endif
}
template <template <stdr::size_t> class Info, stdr::int_least32_t min_exponent,
stdr::int_least32_t max_exponent, stdr::size_t current_tier,
stdr::int_least32_t supported_min_exponent = Info<current_tier>::min_exponent,
stdr::int_least32_t supported_max_exponent = Info<current_tier>::max_exponent>
constexpr bool is_in_range(int) noexcept {
return min_exponent >= supported_min_exponent &&
max_exponent <= supported_max_exponent;
}
template <template <stdr::size_t> class Info, stdr::int_least32_t min_exponent,
stdr::int_least32_t max_exponent, stdr::size_t current_tier>
constexpr bool is_in_range(...) noexcept {
// Supposed to be always false, but formally dependent on the template parameters.
static_assert(min_exponent > max_exponent,
"jkj::dragonbox: exponent range is too wide");
return false;
}
template <template <stdr::size_t> class Info, stdr::int_least32_t min_exponent,
stdr::int_least32_t max_exponent, stdr::size_t current_tier = 0,
bool = is_in_range<Info, min_exponent, max_exponent, current_tier>(0)>
struct compute_impl;
template <template <stdr::size_t> class Info, stdr::int_least32_t min_exponent,
stdr::int_least32_t max_exponent, stdr::size_t current_tier>
struct compute_impl<Info, min_exponent, max_exponent, current_tier, true> {
using info = Info<current_tier>;
using default_return_type = typename info::default_return_type;
template <class ReturnType, class Int>
static constexpr ReturnType compute(Int e) noexcept {
#if JKJ_HAS_CONSTEXPR14
assert(min_exponent <= e && e <= max_exponent);
#endif
// The sign is irrelevant for the mathematical validity of the formula, but
// assuming positivity makes the overflow analysis simpler.
static_assert(info::multiply >= 0 && info::subtract >= 0, "");
return static_cast<ReturnType>((e * info::multiply - info::subtract) >>
info::shift);
}
};
template <template <stdr::size_t> class Info, stdr::int_least32_t min_exponent,
stdr::int_least32_t max_exponent, stdr::size_t current_tier>
struct compute_impl<Info, min_exponent, max_exponent, current_tier, false> {
using next_tier = compute_impl<Info, min_exponent, max_exponent, current_tier + 1>;
using default_return_type = typename next_tier::default_return_type;
template <class ReturnType, class Int>
static constexpr ReturnType compute(Int e) noexcept {
return next_tier::template compute<ReturnType>(e);
}
};
template <stdr::size_t tier>
struct floor_log10_pow2_info;
template <>
struct floor_log10_pow2_info<0> {
using default_return_type = stdr::int_fast8_t;
static constexpr stdr::int_fast16_t multiply = 77;
static constexpr stdr::int_fast16_t subtract = 0;
static constexpr stdr::size_t shift = 8;
static constexpr stdr::int_least32_t min_exponent = -102;
static constexpr stdr::int_least32_t max_exponent = 102;
};
template <>
struct floor_log10_pow2_info<1> {
using default_return_type = stdr::int_fast8_t;
// 24-bits are enough in fact.
static constexpr stdr::int_fast32_t multiply = 1233;
static constexpr stdr::int_fast32_t subtract = 0;
static constexpr stdr::size_t shift = 12;
// Formula itself holds on [-680,680]; [-425,425] is to ensure that the output is
// within [-127,127].
static constexpr stdr::int_least32_t min_exponent = -425;
static constexpr stdr::int_least32_t max_exponent = 425;
};
template <>
struct floor_log10_pow2_info<2> {
using default_return_type = stdr::int_fast16_t;
static constexpr stdr::int_fast32_t multiply = INT32_C(315653);
static constexpr stdr::int_fast32_t subtract = 0;
static constexpr stdr::size_t shift = 20;
static constexpr stdr::int_least32_t min_exponent = -2620;
static constexpr stdr::int_least32_t max_exponent = 2620;
};
template <stdr::int_least32_t min_exponent = -2620,
stdr::int_least32_t max_exponent = 2620,
class ReturnType = typename compute_impl<floor_log10_pow2_info, min_exponent,
max_exponent>::default_return_type,
class Int>
constexpr ReturnType floor_log10_pow2(Int e) noexcept {
return compute_impl<floor_log10_pow2_info, min_exponent,
max_exponent>::template compute<ReturnType>(e);
}
template <stdr::size_t tier>
struct floor_log2_pow10_info;
template <>
struct floor_log2_pow10_info<0> {
using default_return_type = stdr::int_fast8_t;
static constexpr stdr::int_fast16_t multiply = 53;
static constexpr stdr::int_fast16_t subtract = 0;
static constexpr stdr::size_t shift = 4;
static constexpr stdr::int_least32_t min_exponent = -15;
static constexpr stdr::int_least32_t max_exponent = 18;
};
template <>
struct floor_log2_pow10_info<1> {
using default_return_type = stdr::int_fast16_t;
// 24-bits are enough in fact.
static constexpr stdr::int_fast32_t multiply = 1701;
static constexpr stdr::int_fast32_t subtract = 0;
static constexpr stdr::size_t shift = 9;
static constexpr stdr::int_least32_t min_exponent = -58;
static constexpr stdr::int_least32_t max_exponent = 58;
};
template <>
struct floor_log2_pow10_info<2> {
using default_return_type = stdr::int_fast16_t;
static constexpr stdr::int_fast32_t multiply = INT32_C(1741647);
static constexpr stdr::int_fast32_t subtract = 0;
static constexpr stdr::size_t shift = 19;
// Formula itself holds on [-4003,4003]; [-1233,1233] is to ensure no overflow.
static constexpr stdr::int_least32_t min_exponent = -1233;
static constexpr stdr::int_least32_t max_exponent = 1233;
};
template <stdr::int_least32_t min_exponent = -1233,
stdr::int_least32_t max_exponent = 1233,
class ReturnType = typename compute_impl<floor_log2_pow10_info, min_exponent,
max_exponent>::default_return_type,
class Int>
constexpr ReturnType floor_log2_pow10(Int e) noexcept {
return compute_impl<floor_log2_pow10_info, min_exponent,
max_exponent>::template compute<ReturnType>(e);
}
template <stdr::size_t tier>
struct floor_log10_pow2_minus_log10_4_over_3_info;
template <>
struct floor_log10_pow2_minus_log10_4_over_3_info<0> {
using default_return_type = stdr::int_fast8_t;
static constexpr stdr::int_fast16_t multiply = 77;
static constexpr stdr::int_fast16_t subtract = 31;
static constexpr stdr::size_t shift = 8;
static constexpr stdr::int_least32_t min_exponent = -75;
static constexpr stdr::int_least32_t max_exponent = 129;
};
template <>
struct floor_log10_pow2_minus_log10_4_over_3_info<1> {
using default_return_type = stdr::int_fast8_t;
// 24-bits are enough in fact.
static constexpr stdr::int_fast32_t multiply = 19728;
static constexpr stdr::int_fast32_t subtract = 8241;
static constexpr stdr::size_t shift = 16;
// Formula itself holds on [-849,315]; [-424,315] is to ensure that the output is
// within [-127,127].
static constexpr stdr::int_least32_t min_exponent = -424;
static constexpr stdr::int_least32_t max_exponent = 315;
};
template <>
struct floor_log10_pow2_minus_log10_4_over_3_info<2> {
using default_return_type = stdr::int_fast16_t;
static constexpr stdr::int_fast32_t multiply = INT32_C(631305);
static constexpr stdr::int_fast32_t subtract = INT32_C(261663);
static constexpr stdr::size_t shift = 21;
static constexpr stdr::int_least32_t min_exponent = -2985;
static constexpr stdr::int_least32_t max_exponent = 2936;
};
template <stdr::int_least32_t min_exponent = -2985,
stdr::int_least32_t max_exponent = 2936,
class ReturnType =
typename compute_impl<floor_log10_pow2_minus_log10_4_over_3_info,
min_exponent, max_exponent>::default_return_type,
class Int>
constexpr ReturnType floor_log10_pow2_minus_log10_4_over_3(Int e) noexcept {
return compute_impl<floor_log10_pow2_minus_log10_4_over_3_info, min_exponent,
max_exponent>::template compute<ReturnType>(e);
}
template <stdr::size_t tier>
struct floor_log5_pow2_info;
template <>
struct floor_log5_pow2_info<0> {
using default_return_type = stdr::int_fast32_t;
static constexpr stdr::int_fast32_t multiply = INT32_C(225799);
static constexpr stdr::int_fast32_t subtract = 0;
static constexpr stdr::size_t shift = 19;
static constexpr stdr::int_least32_t min_exponent = -1831;
static constexpr stdr::int_least32_t max_exponent = 1831;
};
template <stdr::int_least32_t min_exponent = -1831,
stdr::int_least32_t max_exponent = 1831,
class ReturnType = typename compute_impl<floor_log5_pow2_info, min_exponent,
max_exponent>::default_return_type,
class Int>
constexpr ReturnType floor_log5_pow2(Int e) noexcept {
return compute_impl<floor_log5_pow2_info, min_exponent,
max_exponent>::template compute<ReturnType>(e);
}
template <stdr::size_t tier>
struct floor_log5_pow2_minus_log5_3_info;
template <>
struct floor_log5_pow2_minus_log5_3_info<0> {
using default_return_type = stdr::int_fast32_t;
static constexpr stdr::int_fast32_t multiply = INT32_C(451597);
static constexpr stdr::int_fast32_t subtract = INT32_C(715764);
static constexpr stdr::size_t shift = 20;
static constexpr stdr::int_least32_t min_exponent = -3543;
static constexpr stdr::int_least32_t max_exponent = 2427;
};
template <stdr::int_least32_t min_exponent = -3543,
stdr::int_least32_t max_exponent = 2427,
class ReturnType =
typename compute_impl<floor_log5_pow2_minus_log5_3_info, min_exponent,
max_exponent>::default_return_type,
class Int>
constexpr ReturnType floor_log5_pow2_minus_log5_3(Int e) noexcept {
return compute_impl<floor_log5_pow2_minus_log5_3_info, min_exponent,
max_exponent>::template compute<ReturnType>(e);
}
}
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Utilities for fast divisibility tests.
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
namespace div {
// Replace n by floor(n / 10^N).
// Returns true if and only if n is divisible by 10^N.
// Precondition: n <= 10^(N+1)
// !!It takes an in-out parameter!!
template <int N, class UInt>
struct divide_by_pow10_info;
template <class UInt>
struct divide_by_pow10_info<1, UInt> {
static constexpr stdr::uint_fast32_t magic_number = 6554;
static constexpr int shift_amount = 16;
};
template <>
struct divide_by_pow10_info<1, stdr::uint_least8_t> {
static constexpr stdr::uint_fast16_t magic_number = 103;
static constexpr int shift_amount = 10;
};
template <>
struct divide_by_pow10_info<1, stdr::uint_least16_t> {
static constexpr stdr::uint_fast16_t magic_number = 103;
static constexpr int shift_amount = 10;
};
template <class UInt>
struct divide_by_pow10_info<2, UInt> {
static constexpr stdr::uint_fast32_t magic_number = 656;
static constexpr int shift_amount = 16;
};
template <>
struct divide_by_pow10_info<2, stdr::uint_least16_t> {
static constexpr stdr::uint_fast32_t magic_number = 41;
static constexpr int shift_amount = 12;
};
template <int N, class UInt>
JKJ_CONSTEXPR14 bool check_divisibility_and_divide_by_pow10(UInt& n) noexcept {
// Make sure the computation for max_n does not overflow.
static_assert(N + 1 <= log::floor_log10_pow2(int(value_bits<UInt>::value)), "");
assert(n <= compute_power<N + 1>(UInt(10)));
using info = divide_by_pow10_info<N, UInt>;
using intermediate_type = decltype(info::magic_number);
auto const prod = intermediate_type(n * info::magic_number);
constexpr auto mask =
intermediate_type((intermediate_type(1) << info::shift_amount) - 1);
bool const result = ((prod & mask) < info::magic_number);
n = UInt(prod >> info::shift_amount);
return result;
}
// Compute floor(n / 10^N) for small n and N.
// Precondition: n <= 10^(N+1)
template <int N, class UInt>
JKJ_CONSTEXPR14 UInt small_division_by_pow10(UInt n) noexcept {
// Make sure the computation for max_n does not overflow.
static_assert(N + 1 <= log::floor_log10_pow2(int(value_bits<UInt>::value)), "");
assert(n <= compute_power<N + 1>(UInt(10)));
return UInt((n * divide_by_pow10_info<N, UInt>::magic_number) >>
divide_by_pow10_info<N, UInt>::shift_amount);
}
// Compute floor(n / 10^N) for small N.
// Precondition: n <= n_max
template <int N, class UInt, UInt n_max>
JKJ_CONSTEXPR20 UInt divide_by_pow10(UInt n) noexcept {
static_assert(N >= 0, "");
// Specialize for 32-bit division by 10.
// Without the bound on n_max (which compilers these days never leverage), the
// minimum needed amount of shift is larger than 32. Hence, this may generate better
// code for 32-bit or smaller architectures. Even for 64-bit architectures, it seems
// compilers tend to generate mov + mul instead of a single imul for an unknown
// reason if we just write n / 10.
JKJ_IF_CONSTEXPR(stdr::is_same<UInt, stdr::uint_least32_t>::value && N == 1 &&
n_max <= UINT32_C(1073741828)) {
return UInt(wuint::umul64(n, UINT32_C(429496730)) >> 32);
}
// Specialize for 64-bit division by 10.
// Without the bound on n_max (which compilers these days never leverage), the
// minimum needed amount of shift is larger than 64.
else JKJ_IF_CONSTEXPR(stdr::is_same<UInt, stdr::uint_least64_t>::value && N == 1 &&
n_max <= UINT64_C(4611686018427387908)) {
return UInt(wuint::umul128_upper64(n, UINT64_C(1844674407370955162)));
}
// Specialize for 32-bit division by 100.
// It seems compilers tend to generate mov + mul instead of a single imul for an
// unknown reason if we just write n / 100.
else JKJ_IF_CONSTEXPR(stdr::is_same<UInt, stdr::uint_least32_t>::value && N == 2) {
return UInt(wuint::umul64(n, UINT32_C(1374389535)) >> 37);
}
// Specialize for 64-bit division by 1000.
// Without the bound on n_max (which compilers these days never leverage), the
// smallest magic number for this computation does not fit into 64-bits.
else JKJ_IF_CONSTEXPR(stdr::is_same<UInt, stdr::uint_least64_t>::value && N == 3 &&
n_max <= UINT64_C(15534100272597517998)) {
return UInt(wuint::umul128_upper64(n, UINT64_C(4722366482869645214)) >> 8);
}
else {
constexpr auto divisor = compute_power<N>(UInt(10));
return n / divisor;
}
}
}
}
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Return types for the main interface function.
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
template <class SignificandType, class ExponentType, bool is_signed, bool trailing_zero_flag>
struct decimal_fp;
template <class SignificandType, class ExponentType>
struct decimal_fp<SignificandType, ExponentType, false, false> {
SignificandType significand;
ExponentType exponent;
};
template <class SignificandType, class ExponentType>
struct decimal_fp<SignificandType, ExponentType, true, false> {
SignificandType significand;
ExponentType exponent;
bool is_negative;
};
template <class SignificandType, class ExponentType>
struct decimal_fp<SignificandType, ExponentType, false, true> {
SignificandType significand;
ExponentType exponent;
bool may_have_trailing_zeros;
};
template <class SignificandType, class ExponentType>
struct decimal_fp<SignificandType, ExponentType, true, true> {
SignificandType significand;
ExponentType exponent;
bool may_have_trailing_zeros;
bool is_negative;
};
template <class SignificandType, class ExponentType, bool trailing_zero_flag = false>
using unsigned_decimal_fp =
decimal_fp<SignificandType, ExponentType, false, trailing_zero_flag>;
template <class SignificandType, class ExponentType, bool trailing_zero_flag = false>
using signed_decimal_fp = decimal_fp<SignificandType, ExponentType, true, trailing_zero_flag>;
template <class SignificandType, class ExponentType>
constexpr signed_decimal_fp<SignificandType, ExponentType, false>
add_sign_to_unsigned_decimal_fp(
bool is_negative, unsigned_decimal_fp<SignificandType, ExponentType, false> r) noexcept {
return {r.significand, r.exponent, is_negative};
}
template <class SignificandType, class ExponentType>
constexpr signed_decimal_fp<SignificandType, ExponentType, true>
add_sign_to_unsigned_decimal_fp(
bool is_negative, unsigned_decimal_fp<SignificandType, ExponentType, true> r) noexcept {
return {r.significand, r.exponent, r.may_have_trailing_zeros, is_negative};
}
namespace detail {
template <class UnsignedDecimalFp>
struct unsigned_decimal_fp_to_signed;
template <class SignificandType, class ExponentType, bool trailing_zero_flag>
struct unsigned_decimal_fp_to_signed<
unsigned_decimal_fp<SignificandType, ExponentType, trailing_zero_flag>> {
using type = signed_decimal_fp<SignificandType, ExponentType, trailing_zero_flag>;
};
template <class UnsignedDecimalFp>
using unsigned_decimal_fp_to_signed_t =
typename unsigned_decimal_fp_to_signed<UnsignedDecimalFp>::type;
}
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Computed cache entries.
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
template <class FloatFormat, class Dummy = void>
struct cache_holder;
template <class Dummy>
struct cache_holder<ieee754_binary32, Dummy> {
using cache_entry_type = detail::stdr::uint_least64_t;
static constexpr int cache_bits = 64;
static constexpr int min_k = -31;
static constexpr int max_k = 46;
static constexpr detail::array<cache_entry_type, detail::stdr::size_t(max_k - min_k + 1)>
cache JKJ_STATIC_DATA_SECTION = {
{UINT64_C(0x81ceb32c4b43fcf5), UINT64_C(0xa2425ff75e14fc32),
UINT64_C(0xcad2f7f5359a3b3f), UINT64_C(0xfd87b5f28300ca0e),
UINT64_C(0x9e74d1b791e07e49), UINT64_C(0xc612062576589ddb),
UINT64_C(0xf79687aed3eec552), UINT64_C(0x9abe14cd44753b53),
UINT64_C(0xc16d9a0095928a28), UINT64_C(0xf1c90080baf72cb2),
UINT64_C(0x971da05074da7bef), UINT64_C(0xbce5086492111aeb),
UINT64_C(0xec1e4a7db69561a6), UINT64_C(0x9392ee8e921d5d08),
UINT64_C(0xb877aa3236a4b44a), UINT64_C(0xe69594bec44de15c),
UINT64_C(0x901d7cf73ab0acda), UINT64_C(0xb424dc35095cd810),
UINT64_C(0xe12e13424bb40e14), UINT64_C(0x8cbccc096f5088cc),
UINT64_C(0xafebff0bcb24aaff), UINT64_C(0xdbe6fecebdedd5bf),
UINT64_C(0x89705f4136b4a598), UINT64_C(0xabcc77118461cefd),
UINT64_C(0xd6bf94d5e57a42bd), UINT64_C(0x8637bd05af6c69b6),
UINT64_C(0xa7c5ac471b478424), UINT64_C(0xd1b71758e219652c),
UINT64_C(0x83126e978d4fdf3c), UINT64_C(0xa3d70a3d70a3d70b),
UINT64_C(0xcccccccccccccccd), UINT64_C(0x8000000000000000),
UINT64_C(0xa000000000000000), UINT64_C(0xc800000000000000),
UINT64_C(0xfa00000000000000), UINT64_C(0x9c40000000000000),
UINT64_C(0xc350000000000000), UINT64_C(0xf424000000000000),
UINT64_C(0x9896800000000000), UINT64_C(0xbebc200000000000),
UINT64_C(0xee6b280000000000), UINT64_C(0x9502f90000000000),
UINT64_C(0xba43b74000000000), UINT64_C(0xe8d4a51000000000),
UINT64_C(0x9184e72a00000000), UINT64_C(0xb5e620f480000000),
UINT64_C(0xe35fa931a0000000), UINT64_C(0x8e1bc9bf04000000),
UINT64_C(0xb1a2bc2ec5000000), UINT64_C(0xde0b6b3a76400000),
UINT64_C(0x8ac7230489e80000), UINT64_C(0xad78ebc5ac620000),
UINT64_C(0xd8d726b7177a8000), UINT64_C(0x878678326eac9000),
UINT64_C(0xa968163f0a57b400), UINT64_C(0xd3c21bcecceda100),
UINT64_C(0x84595161401484a0), UINT64_C(0xa56fa5b99019a5c8),
UINT64_C(0xcecb8f27f4200f3a), UINT64_C(0x813f3978f8940985),
UINT64_C(0xa18f07d736b90be6), UINT64_C(0xc9f2c9cd04674edf),
UINT64_C(0xfc6f7c4045812297), UINT64_C(0x9dc5ada82b70b59e),
UINT64_C(0xc5371912364ce306), UINT64_C(0xf684df56c3e01bc7),
UINT64_C(0x9a130b963a6c115d), UINT64_C(0xc097ce7bc90715b4),
UINT64_C(0xf0bdc21abb48db21), UINT64_C(0x96769950b50d88f5),
UINT64_C(0xbc143fa4e250eb32), UINT64_C(0xeb194f8e1ae525fe),
UINT64_C(0x92efd1b8d0cf37bf), UINT64_C(0xb7abc627050305ae),
UINT64_C(0xe596b7b0c643c71a), UINT64_C(0x8f7e32ce7bea5c70),
UINT64_C(0xb35dbf821ae4f38c), UINT64_C(0xe0352f62a19e306f)}};
};
#if !JKJ_HAS_INLINE_VARIABLE
// decltype(...) should not depend on Dummy; see
// https://stackoverflow.com/questions/76438400/decltype-on-static-variable-in-template-class.
template <class Dummy>
constexpr decltype(cache_holder<ieee754_binary32>::cache)
cache_holder<ieee754_binary32, Dummy>::cache;
#endif
template <class Dummy>
struct cache_holder<ieee754_binary64, Dummy> {
using cache_entry_type = detail::wuint::uint128;
static constexpr int cache_bits = 128;
static constexpr int min_k = -292;
static constexpr int max_k = 326;
static constexpr detail::array<cache_entry_type, detail::stdr::size_t(max_k - min_k + 1)>
cache JKJ_STATIC_DATA_SECTION = {
{{UINT64_C(0xff77b1fcbebcdc4f), UINT64_C(0x25e8e89c13bb0f7b)},
{UINT64_C(0x9faacf3df73609b1), UINT64_C(0x77b191618c54e9ad)},
{UINT64_C(0xc795830d75038c1d), UINT64_C(0xd59df5b9ef6a2418)},
{UINT64_C(0xf97ae3d0d2446f25), UINT64_C(0x4b0573286b44ad1e)},
{UINT64_C(0x9becce62836ac577), UINT64_C(0x4ee367f9430aec33)},
{UINT64_C(0xc2e801fb244576d5), UINT64_C(0x229c41f793cda740)},
{UINT64_C(0xf3a20279ed56d48a), UINT64_C(0x6b43527578c11110)},
{UINT64_C(0x9845418c345644d6), UINT64_C(0x830a13896b78aaaa)},
{UINT64_C(0xbe5691ef416bd60c), UINT64_C(0x23cc986bc656d554)},
{UINT64_C(0xedec366b11c6cb8f), UINT64_C(0x2cbfbe86b7ec8aa9)},
{UINT64_C(0x94b3a202eb1c3f39), UINT64_C(0x7bf7d71432f3d6aa)},
{UINT64_C(0xb9e08a83a5e34f07), UINT64_C(0xdaf5ccd93fb0cc54)},
{UINT64_C(0xe858ad248f5c22c9), UINT64_C(0xd1b3400f8f9cff69)},
{UINT64_C(0x91376c36d99995be), UINT64_C(0x23100809b9c21fa2)},
{UINT64_C(0xb58547448ffffb2d), UINT64_C(0xabd40a0c2832a78b)},
{UINT64_C(0xe2e69915b3fff9f9), UINT64_C(0x16c90c8f323f516d)},
{UINT64_C(0x8dd01fad907ffc3b), UINT64_C(0xae3da7d97f6792e4)},
{UINT64_C(0xb1442798f49ffb4a), UINT64_C(0x99cd11cfdf41779d)},
{UINT64_C(0xdd95317f31c7fa1d), UINT64_C(0x40405643d711d584)},
{UINT64_C(0x8a7d3eef7f1cfc52), UINT64_C(0x482835ea666b2573)},
{UINT64_C(0xad1c8eab5ee43b66), UINT64_C(0xda3243650005eed0)},
{UINT64_C(0xd863b256369d4a40), UINT64_C(0x90bed43e40076a83)},
{UINT64_C(0x873e4f75e2224e68), UINT64_C(0x5a7744a6e804a292)},
{UINT64_C(0xa90de3535aaae202), UINT64_C(0x711515d0a205cb37)},
{UINT64_C(0xd3515c2831559a83), UINT64_C(0x0d5a5b44ca873e04)},
{UINT64_C(0x8412d9991ed58091), UINT64_C(0xe858790afe9486c3)},
{UINT64_C(0xa5178fff668ae0b6), UINT64_C(0x626e974dbe39a873)},
{UINT64_C(0xce5d73ff402d98e3), UINT64_C(0xfb0a3d212dc81290)},
{UINT64_C(0x80fa687f881c7f8e), UINT64_C(0x7ce66634bc9d0b9a)},
{UINT64_C(0xa139029f6a239f72), UINT64_C(0x1c1fffc1ebc44e81)},
{UINT64_C(0xc987434744ac874e), UINT64_C(0xa327ffb266b56221)},
{UINT64_C(0xfbe9141915d7a922), UINT64_C(0x4bf1ff9f0062baa9)},
{UINT64_C(0x9d71ac8fada6c9b5), UINT64_C(0x6f773fc3603db4aa)},
{UINT64_C(0xc4ce17b399107c22), UINT64_C(0xcb550fb4384d21d4)},
{UINT64_C(0xf6019da07f549b2b), UINT64_C(0x7e2a53a146606a49)},
{UINT64_C(0x99c102844f94e0fb), UINT64_C(0x2eda7444cbfc426e)},
{UINT64_C(0xc0314325637a1939), UINT64_C(0xfa911155fefb5309)},
{UINT64_C(0xf03d93eebc589f88), UINT64_C(0x793555ab7eba27cb)},
{UINT64_C(0x96267c7535b763b5), UINT64_C(0x4bc1558b2f3458df)},
{UINT64_C(0xbbb01b9283253ca2), UINT64_C(0x9eb1aaedfb016f17)},
{UINT64_C(0xea9c227723ee8bcb), UINT64_C(0x465e15a979c1cadd)},
{UINT64_C(0x92a1958a7675175f), UINT64_C(0x0bfacd89ec191eca)},
{UINT64_C(0xb749faed14125d36), UINT64_C(0xcef980ec671f667c)},
{UINT64_C(0xe51c79a85916f484), UINT64_C(0x82b7e12780e7401b)},
{UINT64_C(0x8f31cc0937ae58d2), UINT64_C(0xd1b2ecb8b0908811)},
{UINT64_C(0xb2fe3f0b8599ef07), UINT64_C(0x861fa7e6dcb4aa16)},
{UINT64_C(0xdfbdcece67006ac9), UINT64_C(0x67a791e093e1d49b)},
{UINT64_C(0x8bd6a141006042bd), UINT64_C(0xe0c8bb2c5c6d24e1)},
{UINT64_C(0xaecc49914078536d), UINT64_C(0x58fae9f773886e19)},
{UINT64_C(0xda7f5bf590966848), UINT64_C(0xaf39a475506a899f)},
{UINT64_C(0x888f99797a5e012d), UINT64_C(0x6d8406c952429604)},
{UINT64_C(0xaab37fd7d8f58178), UINT64_C(0xc8e5087ba6d33b84)},
{UINT64_C(0xd5605fcdcf32e1d6), UINT64_C(0xfb1e4a9a90880a65)},
{UINT64_C(0x855c3be0a17fcd26), UINT64_C(0x5cf2eea09a550680)},
{UINT64_C(0xa6b34ad8c9dfc06f), UINT64_C(0xf42faa48c0ea481f)},
{UINT64_C(0xd0601d8efc57b08b), UINT64_C(0xf13b94daf124da27)},
{UINT64_C(0x823c12795db6ce57), UINT64_C(0x76c53d08d6b70859)},
{UINT64_C(0xa2cb1717b52481ed), UINT64_C(0x54768c4b0c64ca6f)},
{UINT64_C(0xcb7ddcdda26da268), UINT64_C(0xa9942f5dcf7dfd0a)},
{UINT64_C(0xfe5d54150b090b02), UINT64_C(0xd3f93b35435d7c4d)},
{UINT64_C(0x9efa548d26e5a6e1), UINT64_C(0xc47bc5014a1a6db0)},
{UINT64_C(0xc6b8e9b0709f109a), UINT64_C(0x359ab6419ca1091c)},
{UINT64_C(0xf867241c8cc6d4c0), UINT64_C(0xc30163d203c94b63)},
{UINT64_C(0x9b407691d7fc44f8), UINT64_C(0x79e0de63425dcf1e)},
{UINT64_C(0xc21094364dfb5636), UINT64_C(0x985915fc12f542e5)},
{UINT64_C(0xf294b943e17a2bc4), UINT64_C(0x3e6f5b7b17b2939e)},
{UINT64_C(0x979cf3ca6cec5b5a), UINT64_C(0xa705992ceecf9c43)},
{UINT64_C(0xbd8430bd08277231), UINT64_C(0x50c6ff782a838354)},
{UINT64_C(0xece53cec4a314ebd), UINT64_C(0xa4f8bf5635246429)},
{UINT64_C(0x940f4613ae5ed136), UINT64_C(0x871b7795e136be9a)},
{UINT64_C(0xb913179899f68584), UINT64_C(0x28e2557b59846e40)},
{UINT64_C(0xe757dd7ec07426e5), UINT64_C(0x331aeada2fe589d0)},
{UINT64_C(0x9096ea6f3848984f), UINT64_C(0x3ff0d2c85def7622)},
{UINT64_C(0xb4bca50b065abe63), UINT64_C(0x0fed077a756b53aa)},
{UINT64_C(0xe1ebce4dc7f16dfb), UINT64_C(0xd3e8495912c62895)},
{UINT64_C(0x8d3360f09cf6e4bd), UINT64_C(0x64712dd7abbbd95d)},
{UINT64_C(0xb080392cc4349dec), UINT64_C(0xbd8d794d96aacfb4)},
{UINT64_C(0xdca04777f541c567), UINT64_C(0xecf0d7a0fc5583a1)},
{UINT64_C(0x89e42caaf9491b60), UINT64_C(0xf41686c49db57245)},
{UINT64_C(0xac5d37d5b79b6239), UINT64_C(0x311c2875c522ced6)},
{UINT64_C(0xd77485cb25823ac7), UINT64_C(0x7d633293366b828c)},
{UINT64_C(0x86a8d39ef77164bc), UINT64_C(0xae5dff9c02033198)},
{UINT64_C(0xa8530886b54dbdeb), UINT64_C(0xd9f57f830283fdfd)},
{UINT64_C(0xd267caa862a12d66), UINT64_C(0xd072df63c324fd7c)},
{UINT64_C(0x8380dea93da4bc60), UINT64_C(0x4247cb9e59f71e6e)},
{UINT64_C(0xa46116538d0deb78), UINT64_C(0x52d9be85f074e609)},
{UINT64_C(0xcd795be870516656), UINT64_C(0x67902e276c921f8c)},
{UINT64_C(0x806bd9714632dff6), UINT64_C(0x00ba1cd8a3db53b7)},
{UINT64_C(0xa086cfcd97bf97f3), UINT64_C(0x80e8a40eccd228a5)},
{UINT64_C(0xc8a883c0fdaf7df0), UINT64_C(0x6122cd128006b2ce)},
{UINT64_C(0xfad2a4b13d1b5d6c), UINT64_C(0x796b805720085f82)},
{UINT64_C(0x9cc3a6eec6311a63), UINT64_C(0xcbe3303674053bb1)},
{UINT64_C(0xc3f490aa77bd60fc), UINT64_C(0xbedbfc4411068a9d)},
{UINT64_C(0xf4f1b4d515acb93b), UINT64_C(0xee92fb5515482d45)},
{UINT64_C(0x991711052d8bf3c5), UINT64_C(0x751bdd152d4d1c4b)},
{UINT64_C(0xbf5cd54678eef0b6), UINT64_C(0xd262d45a78a0635e)},
{UINT64_C(0xef340a98172aace4), UINT64_C(0x86fb897116c87c35)},
{UINT64_C(0x9580869f0e7aac0e), UINT64_C(0xd45d35e6ae3d4da1)},
{UINT64_C(0xbae0a846d2195712), UINT64_C(0x8974836059cca10a)},
{UINT64_C(0xe998d258869facd7), UINT64_C(0x2bd1a438703fc94c)},
{UINT64_C(0x91ff83775423cc06), UINT64_C(0x7b6306a34627ddd0)},
{UINT64_C(0xb67f6455292cbf08), UINT64_C(0x1a3bc84c17b1d543)},
{UINT64_C(0xe41f3d6a7377eeca), UINT64_C(0x20caba5f1d9e4a94)},
{UINT64_C(0x8e938662882af53e), UINT64_C(0x547eb47b7282ee9d)},
{UINT64_C(0xb23867fb2a35b28d), UINT64_C(0xe99e619a4f23aa44)},
{UINT64_C(0xdec681f9f4c31f31), UINT64_C(0x6405fa00e2ec94d5)},
{UINT64_C(0x8b3c113c38f9f37e), UINT64_C(0xde83bc408dd3dd05)},
{UINT64_C(0xae0b158b4738705e), UINT64_C(0x9624ab50b148d446)},
{UINT64_C(0xd98ddaee19068c76), UINT64_C(0x3badd624dd9b0958)},
{UINT64_C(0x87f8a8d4cfa417c9), UINT64_C(0xe54ca5d70a80e5d7)},
{UINT64_C(0xa9f6d30a038d1dbc), UINT64_C(0x5e9fcf4ccd211f4d)},
{UINT64_C(0xd47487cc8470652b), UINT64_C(0x7647c32000696720)},
{UINT64_C(0x84c8d4dfd2c63f3b), UINT64_C(0x29ecd9f40041e074)},
{UINT64_C(0xa5fb0a17c777cf09), UINT64_C(0xf468107100525891)},
{UINT64_C(0xcf79cc9db955c2cc), UINT64_C(0x7182148d4066eeb5)},
{UINT64_C(0x81ac1fe293d599bf), UINT64_C(0xc6f14cd848405531)},
{UINT64_C(0xa21727db38cb002f), UINT64_C(0xb8ada00e5a506a7d)},
{UINT64_C(0xca9cf1d206fdc03b), UINT64_C(0xa6d90811f0e4851d)},
{UINT64_C(0xfd442e4688bd304a), UINT64_C(0x908f4a166d1da664)},
{UINT64_C(0x9e4a9cec15763e2e), UINT64_C(0x9a598e4e043287ff)},
{UINT64_C(0xc5dd44271ad3cdba), UINT64_C(0x40eff1e1853f29fe)},
{UINT64_C(0xf7549530e188c128), UINT64_C(0xd12bee59e68ef47d)},
{UINT64_C(0x9a94dd3e8cf578b9), UINT64_C(0x82bb74f8301958cf)},
{UINT64_C(0xc13a148e3032d6e7), UINT64_C(0xe36a52363c1faf02)},
{UINT64_C(0xf18899b1bc3f8ca1), UINT64_C(0xdc44e6c3cb279ac2)},
{UINT64_C(0x96f5600f15a7b7e5), UINT64_C(0x29ab103a5ef8c0ba)},
{UINT64_C(0xbcb2b812db11a5de), UINT64_C(0x7415d448f6b6f0e8)},
{UINT64_C(0xebdf661791d60f56), UINT64_C(0x111b495b3464ad22)},
{UINT64_C(0x936b9fcebb25c995), UINT64_C(0xcab10dd900beec35)},
{UINT64_C(0xb84687c269ef3bfb), UINT64_C(0x3d5d514f40eea743)},
{UINT64_C(0xe65829b3046b0afa), UINT64_C(0x0cb4a5a3112a5113)},
{UINT64_C(0x8ff71a0fe2c2e6dc), UINT64_C(0x47f0e785eaba72ac)},
{UINT64_C(0xb3f4e093db73a093), UINT64_C(0x59ed216765690f57)},
{UINT64_C(0xe0f218b8d25088b8), UINT64_C(0x306869c13ec3532d)},
{UINT64_C(0x8c974f7383725573), UINT64_C(0x1e414218c73a13fc)},
{UINT64_C(0xafbd2350644eeacf), UINT64_C(0xe5d1929ef90898fb)},
{UINT64_C(0xdbac6c247d62a583), UINT64_C(0xdf45f746b74abf3a)},
{UINT64_C(0x894bc396ce5da772), UINT64_C(0x6b8bba8c328eb784)},
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{UINT64_C(0xffbbcfe994e5c61f), UINT64_C(0xfdf17746497f7053)},
{UINT64_C(0x9fd561f1fd0f9bd3), UINT64_C(0xfeb6ea8bedefa634)},
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{UINT64_C(0xf9bd690a1b68637b), UINT64_C(0x3dfdce7aa3c673b1)},
{UINT64_C(0x9c1661a651213e2d), UINT64_C(0x06bea10ca65c084f)},
{UINT64_C(0xc31bfa0fe5698db8), UINT64_C(0x486e494fcff30a63)},
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{UINT64_C(0x811ccc668829b887), UINT64_C(0x0806357d5a3f5260)},
{UINT64_C(0xa163ff802a3426a8), UINT64_C(0xca07c2dcb0cf26f8)},
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{UINT64_C(0xe7d34c64a9c85d44), UINT64_C(0x60dbbca87196b617)},
{UINT64_C(0x90e40fbeea1d3a4a), UINT64_C(0xbc8955e946fe31ce)},
{UINT64_C(0xb51d13aea4a488dd), UINT64_C(0x6babab6398bdbe42)},
{UINT64_C(0xe264589a4dcdab14), UINT64_C(0xc696963c7eed2dd2)},
{UINT64_C(0x8d7eb76070a08aec), UINT64_C(0xfc1e1de5cf543ca3)},
{UINT64_C(0xb0de65388cc8ada8), UINT64_C(0x3b25a55f43294bcc)},
{UINT64_C(0xdd15fe86affad912), UINT64_C(0x49ef0eb713f39ebf)},
{UINT64_C(0x8a2dbf142dfcc7ab), UINT64_C(0x6e3569326c784338)},
{UINT64_C(0xacb92ed9397bf996), UINT64_C(0x49c2c37f07965405)},
{UINT64_C(0xd7e77a8f87daf7fb), UINT64_C(0xdc33745ec97be907)},
{UINT64_C(0x86f0ac99b4e8dafd), UINT64_C(0x69a028bb3ded71a4)},
{UINT64_C(0xa8acd7c0222311bc), UINT64_C(0xc40832ea0d68ce0d)},
{UINT64_C(0xd2d80db02aabd62b), UINT64_C(0xf50a3fa490c30191)},
{UINT64_C(0x83c7088e1aab65db), UINT64_C(0x792667c6da79e0fb)},
{UINT64_C(0xa4b8cab1a1563f52), UINT64_C(0x577001b891185939)},
{UINT64_C(0xcde6fd5e09abcf26), UINT64_C(0xed4c0226b55e6f87)},
{UINT64_C(0x80b05e5ac60b6178), UINT64_C(0x544f8158315b05b5)},
{UINT64_C(0xa0dc75f1778e39d6), UINT64_C(0x696361ae3db1c722)},
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{UINT64_C(0xfb5878494ace3a5f), UINT64_C(0x04ab48a04065c724)},
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{UINT64_C(0xc45d1df942711d9a), UINT64_C(0x3ba5d0bd324f8395)},
{UINT64_C(0xf5746577930d6500), UINT64_C(0xca8f44ec7ee3647a)},
{UINT64_C(0x9968bf6abbe85f20), UINT64_C(0x7e998b13cf4e1ecc)},
{UINT64_C(0xbfc2ef456ae276e8), UINT64_C(0x9e3fedd8c321a67f)},
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{UINT64_C(0xaa51823e34a7eede), UINT64_C(0xbd4b46f0599fd416)},
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{UINT64_C(0x89b9b3e11b6329ba), UINT64_C(0xa9e904c87fcb0a9e)},
{UINT64_C(0xac2820d9623bf429), UINT64_C(0x546345fa9fbdcd45)},
{UINT64_C(0xd732290fbacaf133), UINT64_C(0xa97c177947ad4096)},
{UINT64_C(0x867f59a9d4bed6c0), UINT64_C(0x49ed8eabcccc485e)},
{UINT64_C(0xa81f301449ee8c70), UINT64_C(0x5c68f256bfff5a75)},
{UINT64_C(0xd226fc195c6a2f8c), UINT64_C(0x73832eec6fff3112)},
{UINT64_C(0x83585d8fd9c25db7), UINT64_C(0xc831fd53c5ff7eac)},
{UINT64_C(0xa42e74f3d032f525), UINT64_C(0xba3e7ca8b77f5e56)},
{UINT64_C(0xcd3a1230c43fb26f), UINT64_C(0x28ce1bd2e55f35ec)},
{UINT64_C(0x80444b5e7aa7cf85), UINT64_C(0x7980d163cf5b81b4)},
{UINT64_C(0xa0555e361951c366), UINT64_C(0xd7e105bcc3326220)},
{UINT64_C(0xc86ab5c39fa63440), UINT64_C(0x8dd9472bf3fefaa8)},
{UINT64_C(0xfa856334878fc150), UINT64_C(0xb14f98f6f0feb952)},
{UINT64_C(0x9c935e00d4b9d8d2), UINT64_C(0x6ed1bf9a569f33d4)},
{UINT64_C(0xc3b8358109e84f07), UINT64_C(0x0a862f80ec4700c9)},
{UINT64_C(0xf4a642e14c6262c8), UINT64_C(0xcd27bb612758c0fb)},
{UINT64_C(0x98e7e9cccfbd7dbd), UINT64_C(0x8038d51cb897789d)},
{UINT64_C(0xbf21e44003acdd2c), UINT64_C(0xe0470a63e6bd56c4)},
{UINT64_C(0xeeea5d5004981478), UINT64_C(0x1858ccfce06cac75)},
{UINT64_C(0x95527a5202df0ccb), UINT64_C(0x0f37801e0c43ebc9)},
{UINT64_C(0xbaa718e68396cffd), UINT64_C(0xd30560258f54e6bb)},
{UINT64_C(0xe950df20247c83fd), UINT64_C(0x47c6b82ef32a206a)},
{UINT64_C(0x91d28b7416cdd27e), UINT64_C(0x4cdc331d57fa5442)},
{UINT64_C(0xb6472e511c81471d), UINT64_C(0xe0133fe4adf8e953)},
{UINT64_C(0xe3d8f9e563a198e5), UINT64_C(0x58180fddd97723a7)},
{UINT64_C(0x8e679c2f5e44ff8f), UINT64_C(0x570f09eaa7ea7649)},
{UINT64_C(0xb201833b35d63f73), UINT64_C(0x2cd2cc6551e513db)},
{UINT64_C(0xde81e40a034bcf4f), UINT64_C(0xf8077f7ea65e58d2)},
{UINT64_C(0x8b112e86420f6191), UINT64_C(0xfb04afaf27faf783)},
{UINT64_C(0xadd57a27d29339f6), UINT64_C(0x79c5db9af1f9b564)},
{UINT64_C(0xd94ad8b1c7380874), UINT64_C(0x18375281ae7822bd)},
{UINT64_C(0x87cec76f1c830548), UINT64_C(0x8f2293910d0b15b6)},
{UINT64_C(0xa9c2794ae3a3c69a), UINT64_C(0xb2eb3875504ddb23)},
{UINT64_C(0xd433179d9c8cb841), UINT64_C(0x5fa60692a46151ec)},
{UINT64_C(0x849feec281d7f328), UINT64_C(0xdbc7c41ba6bcd334)},
{UINT64_C(0xa5c7ea73224deff3), UINT64_C(0x12b9b522906c0801)},
{UINT64_C(0xcf39e50feae16bef), UINT64_C(0xd768226b34870a01)},
{UINT64_C(0x81842f29f2cce375), UINT64_C(0xe6a1158300d46641)},
{UINT64_C(0xa1e53af46f801c53), UINT64_C(0x60495ae3c1097fd1)},
{UINT64_C(0xca5e89b18b602368), UINT64_C(0x385bb19cb14bdfc5)},
{UINT64_C(0xfcf62c1dee382c42), UINT64_C(0x46729e03dd9ed7b6)},
{UINT64_C(0x9e19db92b4e31ba9), UINT64_C(0x6c07a2c26a8346d2)},
{UINT64_C(0xc5a05277621be293), UINT64_C(0xc7098b7305241886)},
{UINT64_C(0xf70867153aa2db38), UINT64_C(0xb8cbee4fc66d1ea8)}}};
};
#if !JKJ_HAS_INLINE_VARIABLE
// decltype(...) should not depend on Dummy; see
// https://stackoverflow.com/questions/76438400/decltype-on-static-variable-in-template-class.
template <class Dummy>
constexpr decltype(cache_holder<ieee754_binary64>::cache)
cache_holder<ieee754_binary64, Dummy>::cache;
#endif
// Compressed cache.
template <class FloatFormat, class Dummy = void>
struct compressed_cache_holder {
using cache_entry_type = typename cache_holder<FloatFormat>::cache_entry_type;
static constexpr int cache_bits = cache_holder<FloatFormat>::cache_bits;
static constexpr int min_k = cache_holder<FloatFormat>::min_k;
static constexpr int max_k = cache_holder<FloatFormat>::max_k;
template <class ShiftAmountType, class DecimalExponentType>
static constexpr cache_entry_type get_cache(DecimalExponentType k) noexcept {
return cache_holder<FloatFormat>::cache[k - min_k];
}
};
template <class Dummy>
struct compressed_cache_holder<ieee754_binary32, Dummy> {
using cache_entry_type = cache_holder<ieee754_binary32>::cache_entry_type;
static constexpr int cache_bits = cache_holder<ieee754_binary32>::cache_bits;
static constexpr int min_k = cache_holder<ieee754_binary32>::min_k;
static constexpr int max_k = cache_holder<ieee754_binary32>::max_k;
static constexpr int compression_ratio = 13;
static constexpr detail::stdr::size_t compressed_table_size =
detail::stdr::size_t((max_k - min_k + compression_ratio) / compression_ratio);
static constexpr detail::stdr::size_t pow5_table_size =
detail::stdr::size_t((compression_ratio + 1) / 2);
using cache_holder_t = detail::array<cache_entry_type, compressed_table_size>;
using pow5_holder_t = detail::array<detail::stdr::uint_least16_t, pow5_table_size>;
#if JKJ_HAS_CONSTEXPR17
static constexpr cache_holder_t cache JKJ_STATIC_DATA_SECTION = [] {
cache_holder_t res{};
for (detail::stdr::size_t i = 0; i < compressed_table_size; ++i) {
res[i] = cache_holder<ieee754_binary32>::cache[i * compression_ratio];
}
return res;
}();
static constexpr pow5_holder_t pow5_table JKJ_STATIC_DATA_SECTION = [] {
pow5_holder_t res{};
detail::stdr::uint_least16_t p = 1;
for (detail::stdr::size_t i = 0; i < pow5_table_size; ++i) {
res[i] = p;
p *= 5;
}
return res;
}();
#else
template <detail::stdr::size_t... indices>
static constexpr cache_holder_t make_cache(detail::index_sequence<indices...>) {
return {cache_holder<ieee754_binary32>::cache[indices * compression_ratio]...};
}
static constexpr cache_holder_t cache JKJ_STATIC_DATA_SECTION =
make_cache(detail::make_index_sequence<compressed_table_size>{});
template <detail::stdr::size_t... indices>
static constexpr pow5_holder_t make_pow5_table(detail::index_sequence<indices...>) {
return {detail::compute_power<indices>(detail::stdr::uint_least16_t(5))...};
}
static constexpr pow5_holder_t pow5_table JKJ_STATIC_DATA_SECTION =
make_pow5_table(detail::make_index_sequence<pow5_table_size>{});
#endif
template <class ShiftAmountType, class DecimalExponentType>
static JKJ_CONSTEXPR20 cache_entry_type get_cache(DecimalExponentType k) noexcept {
// Compute the base index.
// Supposed to compute (k - min_k) / compression_ratio.
// Parentheses around min/max are to prevent macro expansions (e.g. in Windows.h).
static_assert(max_k - min_k <= 89 && compression_ratio == 13, "");
static_assert(
max_k - min_k <= (detail::stdr::numeric_limits<DecimalExponentType>::max)(), "");
auto const cache_index =
DecimalExponentType(detail::stdr::uint_fast16_t(DecimalExponentType(k - min_k) *
detail::stdr::int_fast16_t(79)) >>
10);
auto const kb = DecimalExponentType(cache_index * compression_ratio + min_k);
auto const offset = DecimalExponentType(k - kb);
// Get the base cache.
auto const base_cache = cache[cache_index];
if (offset == 0) {
return base_cache;
}
else {
// Compute the required amount of bit-shift.
auto const alpha =
ShiftAmountType(detail::log::floor_log2_pow10<min_k, max_k>(k) -
detail::log::floor_log2_pow10<min_k, max_k>(kb) - offset);
assert(alpha > 0 && alpha < 64);
// Try to recover the real cache.
auto const pow5 =
offset >= 7
? detail::stdr::uint_fast32_t(detail::stdr::uint_fast32_t(pow5_table[6]) *
pow5_table[offset - 6])
: detail::stdr::uint_fast32_t(pow5_table[offset]);
auto mul_result = detail::wuint::umul128(base_cache, pow5);
auto const recovered_cache =
cache_entry_type((((mul_result.high() << ShiftAmountType(64 - alpha)) |
(mul_result.low() >> alpha)) +
1) &
UINT64_C(0xffffffffffffffff));
assert(recovered_cache != 0);
return recovered_cache;
}
}
};
#if !JKJ_HAS_INLINE_VARIABLE
template <class Dummy>
constexpr typename compressed_cache_holder<ieee754_binary32, Dummy>::cache_holder_t
compressed_cache_holder<ieee754_binary32, Dummy>::cache;
template <class Dummy>
constexpr typename compressed_cache_holder<ieee754_binary32, Dummy>::pow5_holder_t
compressed_cache_holder<ieee754_binary32, Dummy>::pow5_table;
#endif
template <class Dummy>
struct compressed_cache_holder<ieee754_binary64, Dummy> {
using cache_entry_type = cache_holder<ieee754_binary64>::cache_entry_type;
static constexpr int cache_bits = cache_holder<ieee754_binary64>::cache_bits;
static constexpr int min_k = cache_holder<ieee754_binary64>::min_k;
static constexpr int max_k = cache_holder<ieee754_binary64>::max_k;
static constexpr int compression_ratio = 27;
static constexpr detail::stdr::size_t compressed_table_size =
detail::stdr::size_t((max_k - min_k + compression_ratio) / compression_ratio);
static constexpr detail::stdr::size_t pow5_table_size =
detail::stdr::size_t(compression_ratio);
using cache_holder_t = detail::array<cache_entry_type, compressed_table_size>;
using pow5_holder_t = detail::array<detail::stdr::uint_least64_t, pow5_table_size>;
#if JKJ_HAS_CONSTEXPR17
static constexpr cache_holder_t cache JKJ_STATIC_DATA_SECTION = [] {
cache_holder_t res{};
for (detail::stdr::size_t i = 0; i < compressed_table_size; ++i) {
res[i] = cache_holder<ieee754_binary64>::cache[i * compression_ratio];
}
return res;
}();
static constexpr pow5_holder_t pow5_table JKJ_STATIC_DATA_SECTION = [] {
pow5_holder_t res{};
detail::stdr::uint_least64_t p = 1;
for (detail::stdr::size_t i = 0; i < pow5_table_size; ++i) {
res[i] = p;
p *= 5;
}
return res;
}();
#else
template <detail::stdr::size_t... indices>
static constexpr cache_holder_t make_cache(detail::index_sequence<indices...>) {
return {cache_holder<ieee754_binary64>::cache[indices * compression_ratio]...};
}
static constexpr cache_holder_t cache JKJ_STATIC_DATA_SECTION =
make_cache(detail::make_index_sequence<compressed_table_size>{});
template <detail::stdr::size_t... indices>
static constexpr pow5_holder_t make_pow5_table(detail::index_sequence<indices...>) {
return {detail::compute_power<indices>(detail::stdr::uint_least64_t(5))...};
}
static constexpr pow5_holder_t pow5_table JKJ_STATIC_DATA_SECTION =
make_pow5_table(detail::make_index_sequence<pow5_table_size>{});
#endif
template <class ShiftAmountType, class DecimalExponentType>
static JKJ_CONSTEXPR20 cache_entry_type get_cache(DecimalExponentType k) noexcept {
// Compute the base index.
// Supposed to compute (k - min_k) / compression_ratio.
// Parentheses around min/max are to prevent macro expansions (e.g. in Windows.h).
static_assert(max_k - min_k <= 619 && compression_ratio == 27, "");
static_assert(
max_k - min_k <= (detail::stdr::numeric_limits<DecimalExponentType>::max)(), "");
auto const cache_index =
DecimalExponentType(detail::stdr::uint_fast32_t(DecimalExponentType(k - min_k) *
detail::stdr::int_fast32_t(607)) >>
14);
auto const kb = DecimalExponentType(cache_index * compression_ratio + min_k);
auto const offset = DecimalExponentType(k - kb);
// Get the base cache.
auto const base_cache = cache[cache_index];
if (offset == 0) {
return base_cache;
}
else {
// Compute the required amount of bit-shift.
auto const alpha =
ShiftAmountType(detail::log::floor_log2_pow10<min_k, max_k>(k) -
detail::log::floor_log2_pow10<min_k, max_k>(kb) - offset);
assert(alpha > 0 && alpha < 64);
// Try to recover the real cache.
auto const pow5 = pow5_table[offset];
auto recovered_cache = detail::wuint::umul128(base_cache.high(), pow5);
auto const middle_low = detail::wuint::umul128(base_cache.low(), pow5);
recovered_cache += middle_low.high();
auto const high_to_middle = detail::stdr::uint_least64_t(
(recovered_cache.high() << ShiftAmountType(64 - alpha)) &
UINT64_C(0xffffffffffffffff));
auto const middle_to_low = detail::stdr::uint_least64_t(
(recovered_cache.low() << ShiftAmountType(64 - alpha)) &
UINT64_C(0xffffffffffffffff));
recovered_cache = {(recovered_cache.low() >> alpha) | high_to_middle,
((middle_low.low() >> alpha) | middle_to_low)};
assert(recovered_cache.low() != UINT64_C(0xffffffffffffffff));
recovered_cache = {recovered_cache.high(),
detail::stdr::uint_least64_t(recovered_cache.low() + 1)};
return recovered_cache;
}
}
};
#if !JKJ_HAS_INLINE_VARIABLE
template <class Dummy>
constexpr typename compressed_cache_holder<ieee754_binary64, Dummy>::cache_holder_t
compressed_cache_holder<ieee754_binary64, Dummy>::cache;
template <class Dummy>
constexpr typename compressed_cache_holder<ieee754_binary64, Dummy>::pow5_holder_t
compressed_cache_holder<ieee754_binary64, Dummy>::pow5_table;
#endif
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Forward declarations of user-specializable templates used in the main algorithm.
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Remove trailing zeros from significand and add the number of removed zeros into
// exponent.
template <class TrailingZeroPolicy, class Format, class DecimalSignificand,
class DecimalExponentType>
struct remove_trailing_zeros_traits;
// Users can specialize this traits class to make Dragonbox work with their own formats.
// However, this requires detailed knowledge on how the algorithm works, so it is recommended to
// read through the paper.
template <class FormatTraits, class CacheEntryType, detail::stdr::size_t cache_bits_>
struct multiplication_traits;
// A collection of some common definitions to reduce boilerplate.
template <class FormatTraits, class CacheEntryType, detail::stdr::size_t cache_bits_>
struct multiplication_traits_base {
using format = typename FormatTraits::format;
static constexpr int significand_bits = format::significand_bits;
static constexpr int total_bits = format::total_bits;
using carrier_uint = typename FormatTraits::carrier_uint;
using cache_entry_type = CacheEntryType;
static constexpr int cache_bits = int(cache_bits_);
struct compute_mul_result {
carrier_uint integer_part;
bool is_integer;
};
struct compute_mul_parity_result {
bool parity;
bool is_integer;
};
};
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Policies.
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
namespace detail {
template <class T>
struct dummy {};
}
namespace policy {
namespace sign {
JKJ_INLINE_VARIABLE struct ignore_t {
using sign_policy = ignore_t;
static constexpr bool return_has_sign = false;
#if defined(_MSC_VER) && !defined(__clang__)
// See
// https://developercommunity.visualstudio.com/t/Failure-to-optimize-intrinsics/10628226
template <class SignedSignificandBits, class DecimalSignificand,
class DecimalExponentType>
static constexpr decimal_fp<DecimalSignificand, DecimalExponentType, false, false>
handle_sign(
SignedSignificandBits,
decimal_fp<DecimalSignificand, DecimalExponentType, false, false> r) noexcept {
return {r.significand, r.exponent};
}
template <class SignedSignificandBits, class DecimalSignificand,
class DecimalExponentType>
static constexpr decimal_fp<DecimalSignificand, DecimalExponentType, false, true>
handle_sign(
SignedSignificandBits,
decimal_fp<DecimalSignificand, DecimalExponentType, false, true> r) noexcept {
return {r.significand, r.exponent, r.may_have_trailing_zeros};
}
#else
template <class SignedSignificandBits, class UnsignedDecimalFp>
static constexpr UnsignedDecimalFp handle_sign(SignedSignificandBits,
UnsignedDecimalFp r) noexcept {
return r;
}
#endif
} ignore = {};
JKJ_INLINE_VARIABLE struct return_sign_t {
using sign_policy = return_sign_t;
static constexpr bool return_has_sign = true;
template <class SignedSignificandBits, class UnsignedDecimalFp>
static constexpr detail::unsigned_decimal_fp_to_signed_t<UnsignedDecimalFp>
handle_sign(SignedSignificandBits s, UnsignedDecimalFp r) noexcept {
return add_sign_to_unsigned_decimal_fp(s.is_negative(), r);
}
} return_sign = {};
}
namespace trailing_zero {
JKJ_INLINE_VARIABLE struct ignore_t {
using trailing_zero_policy = ignore_t;
static constexpr bool report_trailing_zeros = false;
template <class Format, class DecimalSignificand, class DecimalExponentType>
static constexpr unsigned_decimal_fp<DecimalSignificand, DecimalExponentType, false>
on_trailing_zeros(DecimalSignificand significand,
DecimalExponentType exponent) noexcept {
return {significand, exponent};
}
template <class Format, class DecimalSignificand, class DecimalExponentType>
static constexpr unsigned_decimal_fp<DecimalSignificand, DecimalExponentType, false>
no_trailing_zeros(DecimalSignificand significand,
DecimalExponentType exponent) noexcept {
return {significand, exponent};
}
} ignore = {};
JKJ_INLINE_VARIABLE struct remove_t {
using trailing_zero_policy = remove_t;
static constexpr bool report_trailing_zeros = false;
template <class Format, class DecimalSignificand, class DecimalExponentType>
JKJ_FORCEINLINE static JKJ_CONSTEXPR14
unsigned_decimal_fp<DecimalSignificand, DecimalExponentType, false>
on_trailing_zeros(DecimalSignificand significand,
DecimalExponentType exponent) noexcept {
remove_trailing_zeros_traits<
remove_t, Format, DecimalSignificand,
DecimalExponentType>::remove_trailing_zeros(significand, exponent);
return {significand, exponent};
}
template <class Format, class DecimalSignificand, class DecimalExponentType>
static constexpr unsigned_decimal_fp<DecimalSignificand, DecimalExponentType, false>
no_trailing_zeros(DecimalSignificand significand,
DecimalExponentType exponent) noexcept {
return {significand, exponent};
}
} remove = {};
JKJ_INLINE_VARIABLE struct remove_compact_t {
using trailing_zero_policy = remove_compact_t;
static constexpr bool report_trailing_zeros = false;
template <class Format, class DecimalSignificand, class DecimalExponentType>
JKJ_FORCEINLINE static JKJ_CONSTEXPR14
unsigned_decimal_fp<DecimalSignificand, DecimalExponentType, false>
on_trailing_zeros(DecimalSignificand significand,
DecimalExponentType exponent) noexcept {
remove_trailing_zeros_traits<
remove_compact_t, Format, DecimalSignificand,
DecimalExponentType>::remove_trailing_zeros(significand, exponent);
return {significand, exponent};
}
template <class Format, class DecimalSignificand, class DecimalExponentType>
static constexpr unsigned_decimal_fp<DecimalSignificand, DecimalExponentType, false>
no_trailing_zeros(DecimalSignificand significand,
DecimalExponentType exponent) noexcept {
return {significand, exponent};
}
} remove_compact = {};
JKJ_INLINE_VARIABLE struct report_t {
using trailing_zero_policy = report_t;
static constexpr bool report_trailing_zeros = true;
template <class Format, class DecimalSignificand, class DecimalExponentType>
static constexpr unsigned_decimal_fp<DecimalSignificand, DecimalExponentType, true>
on_trailing_zeros(DecimalSignificand significand,
DecimalExponentType exponent) noexcept {
return {significand, exponent, true};
}
template <class Format, class DecimalSignificand, class DecimalExponentType>
static constexpr unsigned_decimal_fp<DecimalSignificand, DecimalExponentType, true>
no_trailing_zeros(DecimalSignificand significand,
DecimalExponentType exponent) noexcept {
return {significand, exponent, false};
}
} report = {};
}
namespace decimal_to_binary_rounding {
enum class tag_t { to_nearest, left_closed_directed, right_closed_directed };
namespace interval_type {
struct symmetric_boundary {
static constexpr bool is_symmetric = true;
bool is_closed;
constexpr bool include_left_endpoint() const noexcept { return is_closed; }
constexpr bool include_right_endpoint() const noexcept { return is_closed; }
};
struct asymmetric_boundary {
static constexpr bool is_symmetric = false;
bool is_left_closed;
constexpr bool include_left_endpoint() const noexcept { return is_left_closed; }
constexpr bool include_right_endpoint() const noexcept {
return !is_left_closed;
}
};
struct closed {
static constexpr bool is_symmetric = true;
static constexpr bool include_left_endpoint() noexcept { return true; }
static constexpr bool include_right_endpoint() noexcept { return true; }
};
struct open {
static constexpr bool is_symmetric = true;
static constexpr bool include_left_endpoint() noexcept { return false; }
static constexpr bool include_right_endpoint() noexcept { return false; }
};
struct left_closed_right_open {
static constexpr bool is_symmetric = false;
static constexpr bool include_left_endpoint() noexcept { return true; }
static constexpr bool include_right_endpoint() noexcept { return false; }
};
struct right_closed_left_open {
static constexpr bool is_symmetric = false;
static constexpr bool include_left_endpoint() noexcept { return false; }
static constexpr bool include_right_endpoint() noexcept { return true; }
};
}
JKJ_INLINE_VARIABLE struct nearest_to_even_t {
using decimal_to_binary_rounding_policy = nearest_to_even_t;
using interval_type_provider = nearest_to_even_t;
static constexpr auto tag = tag_t::to_nearest;
template <class SignedSignificandBits, class Func, class... Args>
JKJ_FORCEINLINE JKJ_SAFEBUFFERS static constexpr decltype(Func{}(
dragonbox::detail::declval<nearest_to_even_t>(), Args{}...))
delegate(SignedSignificandBits, Func f, Args... args) noexcept {
return f(nearest_to_even_t{}, args...);
}
template <class SignedSignificandBits>
static constexpr interval_type::symmetric_boundary
normal_interval(SignedSignificandBits s) noexcept {
return {s.has_even_significand_bits()};
}
template <class SignedSignificandBits>
static constexpr interval_type::closed
shorter_interval(SignedSignificandBits) noexcept {
return {};
}
} nearest_to_even = {};
JKJ_INLINE_VARIABLE struct nearest_to_odd_t {
using decimal_to_binary_rounding_policy = nearest_to_odd_t;
using interval_type_provider = nearest_to_odd_t;
static constexpr auto tag = tag_t::to_nearest;
template <class SignedSignificandBits, class Func, class... Args>
JKJ_FORCEINLINE JKJ_SAFEBUFFERS static constexpr decltype(Func{}(
dragonbox::detail::declval<nearest_to_odd_t>(), Args{}...))
delegate(SignedSignificandBits, Func f, Args... args) noexcept {
return f(nearest_to_odd_t{}, args...);
}
template <class SignedSignificandBits>
static constexpr interval_type::symmetric_boundary
normal_interval(SignedSignificandBits s) noexcept {
return {!s.has_even_significand_bits()};
}
template <class SignedSignificandBits>
static constexpr interval_type::open
shorter_interval(SignedSignificandBits) noexcept {
return {};
}
} nearest_to_odd = {};
JKJ_INLINE_VARIABLE struct nearest_toward_plus_infinity_t {
using decimal_to_binary_rounding_policy = nearest_toward_plus_infinity_t;
using interval_type_provider = nearest_toward_plus_infinity_t;
static constexpr auto tag = tag_t::to_nearest;
template <class SignedSignificandBits, class Func, class... Args>
JKJ_FORCEINLINE JKJ_SAFEBUFFERS static constexpr decltype(Func{}(
dragonbox::detail::declval<nearest_toward_plus_infinity_t>(), Args{}...))
delegate(SignedSignificandBits, Func f, Args... args) noexcept {
return f(nearest_toward_plus_infinity_t{}, args...);
}
template <class SignedSignificandBits>
static constexpr interval_type::asymmetric_boundary
normal_interval(SignedSignificandBits s) noexcept {
return {!s.is_negative()};
}
template <class SignedSignificandBits>
static constexpr interval_type::asymmetric_boundary
shorter_interval(SignedSignificandBits s) noexcept {
return {!s.is_negative()};
}
} nearest_toward_plus_infinity = {};
JKJ_INLINE_VARIABLE struct nearest_toward_minus_infinity_t {
using decimal_to_binary_rounding_policy = nearest_toward_minus_infinity_t;
using interval_type_provider = nearest_toward_minus_infinity_t;
static constexpr auto tag = tag_t::to_nearest;
template <class SignedSignificandBits, class Func, class... Args>
JKJ_FORCEINLINE JKJ_SAFEBUFFERS static constexpr decltype(Func{}(
dragonbox::detail::declval<nearest_toward_minus_infinity_t>(), Args{}...))
delegate(SignedSignificandBits, Func f, Args... args) noexcept {
return f(nearest_toward_minus_infinity_t{}, args...);
}
template <class SignedSignificandBits>
static constexpr interval_type::asymmetric_boundary
normal_interval(SignedSignificandBits s) noexcept {
return {s.is_negative()};
}
template <class SignedSignificandBits>
static constexpr interval_type::asymmetric_boundary
shorter_interval(SignedSignificandBits s) noexcept {
return {s.is_negative()};
}
} nearest_toward_minus_infinity = {};
JKJ_INLINE_VARIABLE struct nearest_toward_zero_t {
using decimal_to_binary_rounding_policy = nearest_toward_zero_t;
using interval_type_provider = nearest_toward_zero_t;
static constexpr auto tag = tag_t::to_nearest;
template <class SignedSignificandBits, class Func, class... Args>
JKJ_FORCEINLINE JKJ_SAFEBUFFERS static constexpr decltype(Func{}(
dragonbox::detail::declval<nearest_toward_zero_t>(), Args{}...))
delegate(SignedSignificandBits, Func f, Args... args) noexcept {
return f(nearest_toward_zero_t{}, args...);
}
template <class SignedSignificandBits>
static constexpr interval_type::right_closed_left_open
normal_interval(SignedSignificandBits) noexcept {
return {};
}
template <class SignedSignificandBits>
static constexpr interval_type::right_closed_left_open
shorter_interval(SignedSignificandBits) noexcept {
return {};
}
} nearest_toward_zero = {};
JKJ_INLINE_VARIABLE struct nearest_away_from_zero_t {
using decimal_to_binary_rounding_policy = nearest_away_from_zero_t;
using interval_type_provider = nearest_away_from_zero_t;
static constexpr auto tag = tag_t::to_nearest;
template <class SignedSignificandBits, class Func, class... Args>
JKJ_FORCEINLINE JKJ_SAFEBUFFERS static constexpr decltype(Func{}(
dragonbox::detail::declval<nearest_away_from_zero_t>(), Args{}...))
delegate(SignedSignificandBits, Func f, Args... args) noexcept {
return f(nearest_away_from_zero_t{}, args...);
}
template <class SignedSignificandBits>
static constexpr interval_type::left_closed_right_open
normal_interval(SignedSignificandBits) noexcept {
return {};
}
template <class SignedSignificandBits>
static constexpr interval_type::left_closed_right_open
shorter_interval(SignedSignificandBits) noexcept {
return {};
}
} nearest_away_from_zero = {};
namespace detail {
struct nearest_always_closed_t {
using interval_type_provider = nearest_always_closed_t;
static constexpr auto tag = tag_t::to_nearest;
template <class SignedSignificandBits>
static constexpr interval_type::closed
normal_interval(SignedSignificandBits) noexcept {
return {};
}
template <class SignedSignificandBits>
static constexpr interval_type::closed
shorter_interval(SignedSignificandBits) noexcept {
return {};
}
};
struct nearest_always_open_t {
using interval_type_provider = nearest_always_open_t;
static constexpr auto tag = tag_t::to_nearest;
template <class SignedSignificandBits>
static constexpr interval_type::open
normal_interval(SignedSignificandBits) noexcept {
return {};
}
template <class SignedSignificandBits>
static constexpr interval_type::open
shorter_interval(SignedSignificandBits) noexcept {
return {};
}
};
}
JKJ_INLINE_VARIABLE struct nearest_to_even_static_boundary_t {
using decimal_to_binary_rounding_policy = nearest_to_even_static_boundary_t;
template <class SignedSignificandBits, class Func, class... Args>
JKJ_FORCEINLINE JKJ_SAFEBUFFERS static constexpr decltype(Func{}(
detail::nearest_always_closed_t{}, Args{}...))
delegate(SignedSignificandBits s, Func f, Args... args) noexcept {
return s.has_even_significand_bits()
? f(detail::nearest_always_closed_t{}, args...)
: f(detail::nearest_always_open_t{}, args...);
}
} nearest_to_even_static_boundary = {};
JKJ_INLINE_VARIABLE struct nearest_to_odd_static_boundary_t {
using decimal_to_binary_rounding_policy = nearest_to_odd_static_boundary_t;
template <class SignedSignificandBits, class Func, class... Args>
JKJ_FORCEINLINE JKJ_SAFEBUFFERS static constexpr decltype(Func{}(
detail::nearest_always_closed_t{}, Args{}...))
delegate(SignedSignificandBits s, Func f, Args... args) noexcept {
return s.has_even_significand_bits()
? f(detail::nearest_always_open_t{}, args...)
: f(detail::nearest_always_closed_t{}, args...);
}
} nearest_to_odd_static_boundary = {};
JKJ_INLINE_VARIABLE struct nearest_toward_plus_infinity_static_boundary_t {
using decimal_to_binary_rounding_policy =
nearest_toward_plus_infinity_static_boundary_t;
template <class SignedSignificandBits, class Func, class... Args>
JKJ_FORCEINLINE
JKJ_SAFEBUFFERS static constexpr decltype(Func{}(nearest_toward_zero,
Args{}...))
delegate(SignedSignificandBits s, Func f, Args... args) noexcept {
return s.is_negative() ? f(nearest_toward_zero, args...)
: f(nearest_away_from_zero, args...);
}
} nearest_toward_plus_infinity_static_boundary = {};
JKJ_INLINE_VARIABLE struct nearest_toward_minus_infinity_static_boundary_t {
using decimal_to_binary_rounding_policy =
nearest_toward_minus_infinity_static_boundary_t;
template <class SignedSignificandBits, class Func, class... Args>
JKJ_FORCEINLINE
JKJ_SAFEBUFFERS static constexpr decltype(Func{}(nearest_toward_zero,
Args{}...))
delegate(SignedSignificandBits s, Func f, Args... args) noexcept {
return s.is_negative() ? f(nearest_away_from_zero, args...)
: f(nearest_toward_zero, args...);
}
} nearest_toward_minus_infinity_static_boundary = {};
namespace detail {
struct left_closed_directed_t {
static constexpr auto tag = tag_t::left_closed_directed;
};
struct right_closed_directed_t {
static constexpr auto tag = tag_t::right_closed_directed;
};
}
JKJ_INLINE_VARIABLE struct toward_plus_infinity_t {
using decimal_to_binary_rounding_policy = toward_plus_infinity_t;
template <class SignedSignificandBits, class Func, class... Args>
JKJ_FORCEINLINE JKJ_SAFEBUFFERS static constexpr decltype(Func{}(
detail::left_closed_directed_t{}, Args{}...))
delegate(SignedSignificandBits s, Func f, Args... args) noexcept {
return s.is_negative() ? f(detail::left_closed_directed_t{}, args...)
: f(detail::right_closed_directed_t{}, args...);
}
} toward_plus_infinity = {};
JKJ_INLINE_VARIABLE struct toward_minus_infinity_t {
using decimal_to_binary_rounding_policy = toward_minus_infinity_t;
template <class SignedSignificandBits, class Func, class... Args>
JKJ_FORCEINLINE JKJ_SAFEBUFFERS static constexpr decltype(Func{}(
detail::left_closed_directed_t{}, Args{}...))
delegate(SignedSignificandBits s, Func f, Args... args) noexcept {
return s.is_negative() ? f(detail::right_closed_directed_t{}, args...)
: f(detail::left_closed_directed_t{}, args...);
}
} toward_minus_infinity = {};
JKJ_INLINE_VARIABLE struct toward_zero_t {
using decimal_to_binary_rounding_policy = toward_zero_t;
template <class SignedSignificandBits, class Func, class... Args>
JKJ_FORCEINLINE JKJ_SAFEBUFFERS static constexpr decltype(Func{}(
detail::left_closed_directed_t{}, Args{}...))
delegate(SignedSignificandBits, Func f, Args... args) noexcept {
return f(detail::left_closed_directed_t{}, args...);
}
} toward_zero = {};
JKJ_INLINE_VARIABLE struct away_from_zero_t {
using decimal_to_binary_rounding_policy = away_from_zero_t;
template <class SignedSignificandBits, class Func, class... Args>
JKJ_FORCEINLINE JKJ_SAFEBUFFERS static constexpr decltype(Func{}(
detail::right_closed_directed_t{}, Args{}...))
delegate(SignedSignificandBits, Func f, Args... args) noexcept {
return f(detail::right_closed_directed_t{}, args...);
}
} away_from_zero = {};
}
namespace binary_to_decimal_rounding {
// (Always assumes nearest rounding modes, as there can be no tie for other rounding
// modes.)
enum class tag_t { do_not_care, to_even, to_odd, away_from_zero, toward_zero };
// The parameter significand corresponds to 10\tilde{s}+t in the paper.
JKJ_INLINE_VARIABLE struct do_not_care_t {
using binary_to_decimal_rounding_policy = do_not_care_t;
static constexpr auto tag = tag_t::do_not_care;
template <class CarrierUInt>
static constexpr bool prefer_round_down(CarrierUInt) noexcept {
return false;
}
} do_not_care = {};
JKJ_INLINE_VARIABLE struct to_even_t {
using binary_to_decimal_rounding_policy = to_even_t;
static constexpr auto tag = tag_t::to_even;
template <class CarrierUInt>
static constexpr bool prefer_round_down(CarrierUInt significand) noexcept {
return significand % 2 != 0;
}
} to_even = {};
JKJ_INLINE_VARIABLE struct to_odd_t {
using binary_to_decimal_rounding_policy = to_odd_t;
static constexpr auto tag = tag_t::to_odd;
template <class CarrierUInt>
static constexpr bool prefer_round_down(CarrierUInt significand) noexcept {
return significand % 2 == 0;
}
} to_odd = {};
JKJ_INLINE_VARIABLE struct away_from_zero_t {
using binary_to_decimal_rounding_policy = away_from_zero_t;
static constexpr auto tag = tag_t::away_from_zero;
template <class CarrierUInt>
static constexpr bool prefer_round_down(CarrierUInt) noexcept {
return false;
}
} away_from_zero = {};
JKJ_INLINE_VARIABLE struct toward_zero_t {
using binary_to_decimal_rounding_policy = toward_zero_t;
static constexpr auto tag = tag_t::toward_zero;
template <class CarrierUInt>
static constexpr bool prefer_round_down(CarrierUInt) noexcept {
return true;
}
} toward_zero = {};
}
namespace cache {
JKJ_INLINE_VARIABLE struct full_t {
using cache_policy = full_t;
template <class FloatFormat>
using cache_holder_type = cache_holder<FloatFormat>;
template <class FloatFormat, class ShiftAmountType, class DecimalExponentType>
static constexpr typename cache_holder_type<FloatFormat>::cache_entry_type
get_cache(DecimalExponentType k) noexcept {
#if JKJ_HAS_CONSTEXPR14
assert(k >= cache_holder_type<FloatFormat>::min_k &&
k <= cache_holder_type<FloatFormat>::max_k);
#endif
return cache_holder_type<FloatFormat>::cache[detail::stdr::size_t(
k - cache_holder_type<FloatFormat>::min_k)];
}
} full = {};
JKJ_INLINE_VARIABLE struct compact_t {
using cache_policy = compact_t;
template <class FloatFormat>
using cache_holder_type = compressed_cache_holder<FloatFormat>;
template <class FloatFormat, class ShiftAmountType, class DecimalExponentType>
static JKJ_CONSTEXPR20 typename cache_holder<FloatFormat>::cache_entry_type
get_cache(DecimalExponentType k) noexcept {
assert(k >= cache_holder<FloatFormat>::min_k &&
k <= cache_holder<FloatFormat>::max_k);
return cache_holder_type<FloatFormat>::template get_cache<ShiftAmountType>(k);
}
} compact = {};
}
namespace preferred_integer_types {
JKJ_INLINE_VARIABLE struct match_t {
using preferred_integer_types_policy = match_t;
template <class FormatTraits, detail::stdr::uint_least64_t upper_bound>
using remainder_type = typename FormatTraits::carrier_uint;
template <class FormatTraits, detail::stdr::int_least32_t lower_bound,
detail::stdr::uint_least32_t upper_bound>
using decimal_exponent_type = typename FormatTraits::exponent_int;
template <class FormatTraits>
using shift_amount_type = typename FormatTraits::exponent_int;
} match;
JKJ_INLINE_VARIABLE struct prefer_32_t {
using preferred_integer_types_policy = prefer_32_t;
// Parentheses around min/max are to prevent macro expansions (e.g. in Windows.h).
template <class FormatTraits, detail::stdr::uint_least64_t upper_bound>
using remainder_type = typename detail::stdr::conditional<
upper_bound <=
(detail::stdr::numeric_limits<detail::stdr::uint_least32_t>::max)(),
detail::stdr::uint_least32_t, typename FormatTraits::carrier_uint>::type;
template <class FormatTraits, detail::stdr::int_least32_t lower_bound,
detail::stdr::uint_least32_t upper_bound>
using decimal_exponent_type = typename detail::stdr::conditional<
FormatTraits::format::exponent_bits <=
detail::value_bits<detail::stdr::int_least32_t>::value,
detail::stdr::int_least32_t, typename FormatTraits::exponent_int>::type;
template <class FormatTraits>
using shift_amount_type = detail::stdr::int_least32_t;
} prefer_32;
JKJ_INLINE_VARIABLE struct minimal_t {
using preferred_integer_types_policy = minimal_t;
// Parentheses around min/max are to prevent macro expansions (e.g. in Windows.h).
template <class FormatTraits, detail::stdr::uint_least64_t upper_bound>
using remainder_type = typename detail::stdr::conditional<
upper_bound <=
(detail::stdr::numeric_limits<detail::stdr::uint_least8_t>::max)(),
detail::stdr::uint_least8_t,
typename detail::stdr::conditional<
upper_bound <=
(detail::stdr::numeric_limits<detail::stdr::uint_least16_t>::max)(),
detail::stdr::uint_least16_t,
typename detail::stdr::conditional<
upper_bound <=
(detail::stdr::numeric_limits<detail::stdr::uint_least32_t>::max)(),
detail::stdr::uint_least32_t,
typename detail::stdr::conditional<
upper_bound <= (detail::stdr::numeric_limits<
detail::stdr::uint_least64_t>::max)(),
detail::stdr::uint_least64_t,
typename FormatTraits::carrier_uint>::type>::type>::type>::type;
// Parentheses around min/max are to prevent macro expansions (e.g. in Windows.h).
template <class FormatTraits, detail::stdr::int_least32_t lower_bound,
detail::stdr::uint_least32_t upper_bound>
using decimal_exponent_type = typename detail::stdr::conditional<
lower_bound >=
(detail::stdr::numeric_limits<detail::stdr::int_least8_t>::min)() &&
upper_bound <=
(detail::stdr::numeric_limits<detail::stdr::int_least8_t>::max)(),
detail::stdr::int_least8_t,
typename detail::stdr::conditional<
lower_bound >= (detail::stdr::numeric_limits<
detail::stdr::int_least16_t>::min)() &&
upper_bound <=
(detail::stdr::numeric_limits<detail::stdr::int_least16_t>::max)(),
detail::stdr::int_least16_t,
typename detail::stdr::conditional<
lower_bound >= (detail::stdr::numeric_limits<
detail::stdr::int_least32_t>::min)() &&
upper_bound <= (detail::stdr::numeric_limits<
detail::stdr::int_least32_t>::max)(),
detail::stdr::int_least32_t,
typename FormatTraits::exponent_int>::type>::type>::type;
template <class FormatTraits>
using shift_amount_type = detail::stdr::int_least8_t;
} minimal;
}
}
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Specializations of user-specializable templates used in the main algorithm.
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
template <class DecimalExponentType>
struct remove_trailing_zeros_traits<policy::trailing_zero::remove_t, ieee754_binary32,
detail::stdr::uint_least32_t, DecimalExponentType> {
JKJ_FORCEINLINE static JKJ_CONSTEXPR14 void
remove_trailing_zeros(detail::stdr::uint_least32_t& significand,
DecimalExponentType& exponent) noexcept {
// See https://github.com/jk-jeon/rtz_benchmark.
// The idea of branchless search below is by reddit users r/pigeon768 and
// r/TheoreticalDumbass.
auto r = detail::bits::rotr<32>(
detail::stdr::uint_least32_t(significand * UINT32_C(184254097)), 4);
auto b = r < UINT32_C(429497);
auto s = detail::stdr::size_t(b);
significand = b ? r : significand;
r = detail::bits::rotr<32>(
detail::stdr::uint_least32_t(significand * UINT32_C(42949673)), 2);
b = r < UINT32_C(42949673);
s = s * 2 + b;
significand = b ? r : significand;
r = detail::bits::rotr<32>(
detail::stdr::uint_least32_t(significand * UINT32_C(1288490189)), 1);
b = r < UINT32_C(429496730);
s = s * 2 + b;
significand = b ? r : significand;
exponent += s;
}
};
template <class DecimalExponentType>
struct remove_trailing_zeros_traits<policy::trailing_zero::remove_t, ieee754_binary64,
detail::stdr::uint_least64_t, DecimalExponentType> {
JKJ_FORCEINLINE static JKJ_CONSTEXPR14 void
remove_trailing_zeros(detail::stdr::uint_least64_t& significand,
DecimalExponentType& exponent) noexcept {
// See https://github.com/jk-jeon/rtz_benchmark.
// The idea of branchless search below is by reddit users r/pigeon768 and
// r/TheoreticalDumbass.
auto r = detail::bits::rotr<64>(
detail::stdr::uint_least64_t(significand * UINT64_C(28999941890838049)), 8);
auto b = r < UINT64_C(184467440738);
auto s = detail::stdr::size_t(b);
significand = b ? r : significand;
r = detail::bits::rotr<64>(
detail::stdr::uint_least64_t(significand * UINT64_C(182622766329724561)), 4);
b = r < UINT64_C(1844674407370956);
s = s * 2 + b;
significand = b ? r : significand;
r = detail::bits::rotr<64>(
detail::stdr::uint_least64_t(significand * UINT64_C(10330176681277348905)), 2);
b = r < UINT64_C(184467440737095517);
s = s * 2 + b;
significand = b ? r : significand;
r = detail::bits::rotr<64>(
detail::stdr::uint_least64_t(significand * UINT64_C(14757395258967641293)), 1);
b = r < UINT64_C(1844674407370955162);
s = s * 2 + b;
significand = b ? r : significand;
exponent += s;
}
};
template <class DecimalExponentType>
struct remove_trailing_zeros_traits<policy::trailing_zero::remove_compact_t, ieee754_binary32,
detail::stdr::uint_least32_t, DecimalExponentType> {
JKJ_FORCEINLINE static JKJ_CONSTEXPR14 void
remove_trailing_zeros(detail::stdr::uint_least32_t& significand,
DecimalExponentType& exponent) noexcept {
// See https://github.com/jk-jeon/rtz_benchmark.
while (true) {
auto const r = detail::stdr::uint_least32_t(significand * UINT32_C(1288490189));
if (r < UINT32_C(429496731)) {
significand = detail::stdr::uint_least32_t(r >> 1);
exponent += 1;
}
else {
break;
}
}
}
};
template <class DecimalExponentType>
struct remove_trailing_zeros_traits<policy::trailing_zero::remove_compact_t, ieee754_binary64,
detail::stdr::uint_least64_t, DecimalExponentType> {
JKJ_FORCEINLINE static JKJ_CONSTEXPR14 void
remove_trailing_zeros(detail::stdr::uint_least64_t& significand,
DecimalExponentType& exponent) noexcept {
// See https://github.com/jk-jeon/rtz_benchmark.
while (true) {
auto const r =
detail::stdr::uint_least64_t(significand * UINT64_C(5534023222112865485));
if (r < UINT64_C(1844674407370955163)) {
significand = detail::stdr::uint_least64_t(r >> 1);
exponent += 1;
}
else {
break;
}
}
}
};
template <class ExponentInt>
struct multiplication_traits<
ieee754_binary_traits<ieee754_binary32, detail::stdr::uint_least32_t, ExponentInt>,
detail::stdr::uint_least64_t, 64>
: public multiplication_traits_base<
ieee754_binary_traits<ieee754_binary32, detail::stdr::uint_least32_t>,
detail::stdr::uint_least64_t, 64> {
static JKJ_CONSTEXPR20 compute_mul_result
compute_mul(carrier_uint u, cache_entry_type const& cache) noexcept {
auto const r = detail::wuint::umul96_upper64(u, cache);
return {carrier_uint(r >> 32), carrier_uint(r) == 0};
}
template <class ShiftAmountType>
static constexpr detail::stdr::uint_least64_t compute_delta(cache_entry_type const& cache,
ShiftAmountType beta) noexcept {
return detail::stdr::uint_least64_t(cache >> ShiftAmountType(cache_bits - 1 - beta));
}
template <class ShiftAmountType>
static JKJ_CONSTEXPR20 compute_mul_parity_result compute_mul_parity(
carrier_uint two_f, cache_entry_type const& cache, ShiftAmountType beta) noexcept {
assert(beta >= 1);
assert(beta <= 32);
auto const r = detail::wuint::umul96_lower64(two_f, cache);
return {((r >> ShiftAmountType(64 - beta)) & 1) != 0,
(UINT32_C(0xffffffff) & (r >> ShiftAmountType(32 - beta))) == 0};
}
template <class ShiftAmountType>
static constexpr carrier_uint
compute_left_endpoint_for_shorter_interval_case(cache_entry_type const& cache,
ShiftAmountType beta) noexcept {
return carrier_uint((cache - (cache >> (significand_bits + 2))) >>
ShiftAmountType(cache_bits - significand_bits - 1 - beta));
}
template <class ShiftAmountType>
static constexpr carrier_uint
compute_right_endpoint_for_shorter_interval_case(cache_entry_type const& cache,
ShiftAmountType beta) noexcept {
return carrier_uint((cache + (cache >> (significand_bits + 1))) >>
ShiftAmountType(cache_bits - significand_bits - 1 - beta));
}
template <class ShiftAmountType>
static constexpr carrier_uint
compute_round_up_for_shorter_interval_case(cache_entry_type const& cache,
ShiftAmountType beta) noexcept {
return (carrier_uint(cache >>
ShiftAmountType(cache_bits - significand_bits - 2 - beta)) +
1) /
2;
}
};
template <class ExponentInt>
struct multiplication_traits<
ieee754_binary_traits<ieee754_binary64, detail::stdr::uint_least64_t, ExponentInt>,
detail::wuint::uint128, 128>
: public multiplication_traits_base<
ieee754_binary_traits<ieee754_binary64, detail::stdr::uint_least64_t>,
detail::wuint::uint128, 128> {
static JKJ_CONSTEXPR20 compute_mul_result
compute_mul(carrier_uint u, cache_entry_type const& cache) noexcept {
auto const r = detail::wuint::umul192_upper128(u, cache);
return {r.high(), r.low() == 0};
}
template <class ShiftAmountType>
static constexpr detail::stdr::uint_least64_t compute_delta(cache_entry_type const& cache,
ShiftAmountType beta) noexcept {
return detail::stdr::uint_least64_t(cache.high() >>
ShiftAmountType(total_bits - 1 - beta));
}
template <class ShiftAmountType>
static JKJ_CONSTEXPR20 compute_mul_parity_result compute_mul_parity(
carrier_uint two_f, cache_entry_type const& cache, ShiftAmountType beta) noexcept {
assert(beta >= 1);
assert(beta < 64);
auto const r = detail::wuint::umul192_lower128(two_f, cache);
return {((r.high() >> ShiftAmountType(64 - beta)) & 1) != 0,
(((r.high() << beta) & UINT64_C(0xffffffffffffffff)) |
(r.low() >> ShiftAmountType(64 - beta))) == 0};
}
template <class ShiftAmountType>
static constexpr carrier_uint
compute_left_endpoint_for_shorter_interval_case(cache_entry_type const& cache,
ShiftAmountType beta) noexcept {
return (cache.high() - (cache.high() >> (significand_bits + 2))) >>
ShiftAmountType(total_bits - significand_bits - 1 - beta);
}
template <class ShiftAmountType>
static constexpr carrier_uint
compute_right_endpoint_for_shorter_interval_case(cache_entry_type const& cache,
ShiftAmountType beta) noexcept {
return (cache.high() + (cache.high() >> (significand_bits + 1))) >>
ShiftAmountType(total_bits - significand_bits - 1 - beta);
}
template <class ShiftAmountType>
static constexpr carrier_uint
compute_round_up_for_shorter_interval_case(cache_entry_type const& cache,
ShiftAmountType beta) noexcept {
return ((cache.high() >> ShiftAmountType(total_bits - significand_bits - 2 - beta)) +
1) /
2;
}
};
namespace detail {
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// The main algorithm.
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
template <class FormatTraits>
struct impl : private FormatTraits::format {
using format = typename FormatTraits::format;
using carrier_uint = typename FormatTraits::carrier_uint;
static constexpr int carrier_bits = FormatTraits::carrier_bits;
using exponent_int = typename FormatTraits::exponent_int;
using format::significand_bits;
using format::min_exponent;
using format::max_exponent;
using format::exponent_bias;
static constexpr int kappa =
log::floor_log10_pow2(carrier_bits - significand_bits - 2) - 1;
static_assert(kappa >= 1, "");
static_assert(carrier_bits >= significand_bits + 2 + log::floor_log2_pow10(kappa + 1),
"");
// Trailing underscores are to avoid name clash with macros (e.g. Windows.h).
static constexpr int min_(int x, int y) noexcept { return x < y ? x : y; }
static constexpr int max_(int x, int y) noexcept { return x > y ? x : y; }
static constexpr int min_k =
min_(-log::floor_log10_pow2_minus_log10_4_over_3(max_exponent - significand_bits),
-log::floor_log10_pow2(max_exponent - significand_bits) + kappa);
// We do invoke shorter_interval_case for exponent == min_exponent case,
// so we should not add 1 here.
static constexpr int max_k =
max_(-log::floor_log10_pow2_minus_log10_4_over_3(min_exponent -
significand_bits /*+ 1*/),
-log::floor_log10_pow2(min_exponent - significand_bits) + kappa);
static constexpr int case_shorter_interval_left_endpoint_lower_threshold = 2;
static constexpr int case_shorter_interval_left_endpoint_upper_threshold =
2 +
log::floor_log2(
compute_power<
count_factors<5>((carrier_uint(1) << (significand_bits + 2)) - 1) + 1>(10) /
3);
static constexpr int case_shorter_interval_right_endpoint_lower_threshold = 0;
static constexpr int case_shorter_interval_right_endpoint_upper_threshold =
2 +
log::floor_log2(
compute_power<
count_factors<5>((carrier_uint(1) << (significand_bits + 1)) + 1) + 1>(10) /
3);
static constexpr int shorter_interval_tie_lower_threshold =
-log::floor_log5_pow2_minus_log5_3(significand_bits + 4) - 2 - significand_bits;
static constexpr int shorter_interval_tie_upper_threshold =
-log::floor_log5_pow2(significand_bits + 2) - 2 - significand_bits;
template <class PreferredIntegerTypesPolicy>
using remainder_type = typename PreferredIntegerTypesPolicy::template remainder_type<
FormatTraits, compute_power<kappa + 1>(detail::stdr::uint_least64_t(10))>;
template <class PreferredIntegerTypesPolicy>
using decimal_exponent_type =
typename PreferredIntegerTypesPolicy::template decimal_exponent_type<
FormatTraits, detail::stdr::int_least32_t(min_(-max_k, min_k)),
detail::stdr::int_least32_t(max_(max_k, -min_k + kappa + 1))>;
template <class SignPolicy, class TrailingZeroPolicy, class PreferredIntegerTypesPolicy>
using return_type =
decimal_fp<carrier_uint, decimal_exponent_type<PreferredIntegerTypesPolicy>,
SignPolicy::return_has_sign, TrailingZeroPolicy::report_trailing_zeros>;
//// The main algorithm assumes the input is a normal/subnormal finite number.
template <class SignPolicy, class TrailingZeroPolicy, class IntervalTypeProvider,
class BinaryToDecimalRoundingPolicy, class CachePolicy,
class PreferredIntegerTypesPolicy>
JKJ_SAFEBUFFERS static JKJ_CONSTEXPR20
return_type<SignPolicy, TrailingZeroPolicy, PreferredIntegerTypesPolicy>
compute_nearest(signed_significand_bits<FormatTraits> s,
exponent_int exponent_bits) noexcept {
using cache_holder_type = typename CachePolicy::template cache_holder_type<format>;
static_assert(
min_k >= cache_holder_type::min_k && max_k <= cache_holder_type::max_k, "");
using remainder_type_ = remainder_type<PreferredIntegerTypesPolicy>;
using decimal_exponent_type_ = decimal_exponent_type<PreferredIntegerTypesPolicy>;
using shift_amount_type =
typename PreferredIntegerTypesPolicy::template shift_amount_type<FormatTraits>;
using multiplication_traits_ =
multiplication_traits<FormatTraits,
typename cache_holder_type::cache_entry_type,
cache_holder_type::cache_bits>;
auto two_fc = s.remove_sign_bit_and_shift();
auto binary_exponent = exponent_bits;
// Is the input a normal number?
if (binary_exponent != 0) {
binary_exponent += format::exponent_bias - format::significand_bits;
// Shorter interval case; proceed like Schubfach.
// One might think this condition is wrong, since when exponent_bits ==
// 1 and two_fc == 0, the interval is actually regular. However, it
// turns out that this seemingly wrong condition is actually fine,
// because the end result is anyway the same.
//
// [binary32]
// (fc-1/2) * 2^e = 1.175'494'28... * 10^-38
// (fc-1/4) * 2^e = 1.175'494'31... * 10^-38
// fc * 2^e = 1.175'494'35... * 10^-38
// (fc+1/2) * 2^e = 1.175'494'42... * 10^-38
//
// Hence, shorter_interval_case will return 1.175'494'4 * 10^-38.
// 1.175'494'3 * 10^-38 is also a correct shortest representation that
// will be rejected if we assume shorter interval, but 1.175'494'4 *
// 10^-38 is closer to the true value so it doesn't matter.
//
// [binary64]
// (fc-1/2) * 2^e = 2.225'073'858'507'201'13... * 10^-308
// (fc-1/4) * 2^e = 2.225'073'858'507'201'25... * 10^-308
// fc * 2^e = 2.225'073'858'507'201'38... * 10^-308
// (fc+1/2) * 2^e = 2.225'073'858'507'201'63... * 10^-308
//
// Hence, shorter_interval_case will return 2.225'073'858'507'201'4 *
// 10^-308. This is indeed of the shortest length, and it is the unique
// one closest to the true value among valid representations of the same
// length.
static_assert(stdr::is_same<format, ieee754_binary32>::value ||
stdr::is_same<format, ieee754_binary64>::value,
"");
// Shorter interval case.
if (two_fc == 0) {
auto interval_type = IntervalTypeProvider::shorter_interval(s);
// Compute k and beta.
auto const minus_k = log::floor_log10_pow2_minus_log10_4_over_3<
min_exponent - format::significand_bits,
max_exponent - format::significand_bits, decimal_exponent_type_>(
binary_exponent);
auto const beta = shift_amount_type(
binary_exponent +
log::floor_log2_pow10<min_k, max_k>(decimal_exponent_type_(-minus_k)));
// Compute xi and zi.
auto const cache =
CachePolicy::template get_cache<format, shift_amount_type>(
decimal_exponent_type_(-minus_k));
auto xi =
multiplication_traits_::compute_left_endpoint_for_shorter_interval_case(
cache, beta);
auto zi = multiplication_traits_::
compute_right_endpoint_for_shorter_interval_case(cache, beta);
// If we don't accept the right endpoint and
// if the right endpoint is an integer, decrease it.
if (!interval_type.include_right_endpoint() &&
is_right_endpoint_integer_shorter_interval(binary_exponent)) {
--zi;
}
// If we don't accept the left endpoint or
// if the left endpoint is not an integer, increase it.
if (!interval_type.include_left_endpoint() ||
!is_left_endpoint_integer_shorter_interval(binary_exponent)) {
++xi;
}
// Try bigger divisor.
// zi is at most floor((f_c + 1/2) * 2^e * 10^k0).
// Substituting f_c = 2^p and k0 = -floor(log10(3 * 2^(e-2))), we get
// zi <= floor((2^(p+1) + 1) * 20/3) <= ceil((2^(p+1) + 1)/3) * 20.
// This computation does not overflow for any of the formats I care about.
carrier_uint decimal_significand = div::divide_by_pow10<
1, carrier_uint,
carrier_uint(
((((carrier_uint(1) << (significand_bits + 1)) + 1) / 3) + 1) *
20)>(zi);
// If succeed, remove trailing zeros if necessary and return.
if (decimal_significand * 10 >= xi) {
return SignPolicy::handle_sign(
s, TrailingZeroPolicy::template on_trailing_zeros<format>(
decimal_significand, decimal_exponent_type_(minus_k + 1)));
}
// Otherwise, compute the round-up of y.
decimal_significand =
multiplication_traits_::compute_round_up_for_shorter_interval_case(
cache, beta);
// When tie occurs, choose one of them according to the rule.
if (BinaryToDecimalRoundingPolicy::prefer_round_down(decimal_significand) &&
binary_exponent >= shorter_interval_tie_lower_threshold &&
binary_exponent <= shorter_interval_tie_upper_threshold) {
--decimal_significand;
}
else if (decimal_significand < xi) {
++decimal_significand;
}
return SignPolicy::handle_sign(
s, TrailingZeroPolicy::template no_trailing_zeros<format>(
decimal_significand, decimal_exponent_type_(minus_k)));
}
// Normal interval case.
two_fc |= (carrier_uint(1) << (format::significand_bits + 1));
}
// Is the input a subnormal number?
else {
// Normal interval case.
binary_exponent = format::min_exponent - format::significand_bits;
}
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Step 1: Schubfach multiplier calculation.
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
auto interval_type = IntervalTypeProvider::normal_interval(s);
// Compute k and beta.
auto const minus_k = decimal_exponent_type_(
log::floor_log10_pow2<min_exponent - format::significand_bits,
max_exponent - format::significand_bits,
decimal_exponent_type_>(binary_exponent) -
kappa);
auto const cache = CachePolicy::template get_cache<format, shift_amount_type>(
decimal_exponent_type_(-minus_k));
auto const beta =
shift_amount_type(binary_exponent + log::floor_log2_pow10<min_k, max_k>(
decimal_exponent_type_(-minus_k)));
// Compute zi and deltai.
// 10^kappa <= deltai < 10^(kappa + 1)
auto const deltai = static_cast<remainder_type_>(
multiplication_traits_::compute_delta(cache, beta));
// For the case of binary32, the result of integer check is not correct for
// 29711844 * 2^-82
// = 6.1442653300000000008655037797566933477355632930994033813476... * 10^-18
// and 29711844 * 2^-81
// = 1.2288530660000000001731007559513386695471126586198806762695... * 10^-17,
// and they are the unique counterexamples. However, since 29711844 is even,
// this does not cause any problem for the endpoints calculations; it can only
// cause a problem when we need to perform integer check for the center.
// Fortunately, with these inputs, that branch is never executed, so we are
// fine.
auto const z_result =
multiplication_traits_::compute_mul(carrier_uint((two_fc | 1) << beta), cache);
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Step 2: Try larger divisor; remove trailing zeros if necessary.
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
constexpr auto big_divisor = compute_power<kappa + 1>(remainder_type_(10));
constexpr auto small_divisor = compute_power<kappa>(remainder_type_(10));
// Using an upper bound on zi, we might be able to optimize the division
// better than the compiler; we are computing zi / big_divisor here.
carrier_uint decimal_significand = div::divide_by_pow10<
kappa + 1, carrier_uint,
carrier_uint((carrier_uint(1) << (significand_bits + 1)) * big_divisor - 1)>(
z_result.integer_part);
auto r = remainder_type_(z_result.integer_part - big_divisor * decimal_significand);
do {
if (r < deltai) {
// Exclude the right endpoint if necessary.
if ((r | remainder_type_(!z_result.is_integer) |
remainder_type_(interval_type.include_right_endpoint())) == 0) {
JKJ_IF_CONSTEXPR(
BinaryToDecimalRoundingPolicy::tag ==
policy::binary_to_decimal_rounding::tag_t::do_not_care) {
decimal_significand *= 10;
--decimal_significand;
return SignPolicy::handle_sign(
s, TrailingZeroPolicy::template no_trailing_zeros<format>(
decimal_significand,
decimal_exponent_type_(minus_k + kappa)));
}
else {
--decimal_significand;
r = big_divisor;
break;
}
}
}
else if (r > deltai) {
break;
}
else {
// r == deltai; compare fractional parts.
auto const x_result = multiplication_traits_::compute_mul_parity(
carrier_uint(two_fc - 1), cache, beta);
if (!(x_result.parity |
(x_result.is_integer & interval_type.include_left_endpoint()))) {
break;
}
}
// We may need to remove trailing zeros.
return SignPolicy::handle_sign(
s, TrailingZeroPolicy::template on_trailing_zeros<format>(
decimal_significand, decimal_exponent_type_(minus_k + kappa + 1)));
} while (false);
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Step 3: Find the significand with the smaller divisor.
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
decimal_significand *= 10;
JKJ_IF_CONSTEXPR(BinaryToDecimalRoundingPolicy::tag ==
policy::binary_to_decimal_rounding::tag_t::do_not_care) {
// Normally, we want to compute
// significand += r / small_divisor
// and return, but we need to take care of the case that the resulting
// value is exactly the right endpoint, while that is not included in the
// interval.
if (!interval_type.include_right_endpoint()) {
// Is r divisible by 10^kappa?
if (div::check_divisibility_and_divide_by_pow10<kappa>(r) &&
z_result.is_integer) {
// This should be in the interval.
decimal_significand += r - 1;
}
else {
decimal_significand += r;
}
}
else {
decimal_significand += div::small_division_by_pow10<kappa>(r);
}
}
else {
// delta is equal to 10^(kappa + elog10(2) - floor(elog10(2))), so dist cannot
// be larger than r.
auto dist = remainder_type_(r - (deltai / 2) + (small_divisor / 2));
bool const approx_y_parity = ((dist ^ (small_divisor / 2)) & 1) != 0;
// Is dist divisible by 10^kappa?
bool const divisible_by_small_divisor =
div::check_divisibility_and_divide_by_pow10<kappa>(dist);
// Add dist / 10^kappa to the significand.
decimal_significand += dist;
if (divisible_by_small_divisor) {
// Check z^(f) >= epsilon^(f).
// We have either yi == zi - epsiloni or yi == (zi - epsiloni) - 1,
// where yi == zi - epsiloni if and only if z^(f) >= epsilon^(f).
// Since there are only 2 possibilities, we only need to care about the
// parity. Also, zi and r should have the same parity since the divisor
// is an even number.
auto const y_result =
multiplication_traits_::compute_mul_parity(two_fc, cache, beta);
if (y_result.parity != approx_y_parity) {
--decimal_significand;
}
else {
// If z^(f) >= epsilon^(f), we might have a tie
// when z^(f) == epsilon^(f), or equivalently, when y is an integer.
// For tie-to-up case, we can just choose the upper one.
if (BinaryToDecimalRoundingPolicy::prefer_round_down(
decimal_significand) &
y_result.is_integer) {
--decimal_significand;
}
}
}
}
return SignPolicy::handle_sign(
s, TrailingZeroPolicy::template no_trailing_zeros<format>(
decimal_significand, decimal_exponent_type_(minus_k + kappa)));
}
template <class SignPolicy, class TrailingZeroPolicy, class CachePolicy,
class PreferredIntegerTypesPolicy>
JKJ_FORCEINLINE JKJ_SAFEBUFFERS static JKJ_CONSTEXPR20
return_type<SignPolicy, TrailingZeroPolicy, PreferredIntegerTypesPolicy>
compute_left_closed_directed(signed_significand_bits<FormatTraits> s,
exponent_int exponent_bits) noexcept {
using cache_holder_type = typename CachePolicy::template cache_holder_type<format>;
static_assert(
min_k >= cache_holder_type::min_k && max_k <= cache_holder_type::max_k, "");
using remainder_type_ = remainder_type<PreferredIntegerTypesPolicy>;
using decimal_exponent_type_ = decimal_exponent_type<PreferredIntegerTypesPolicy>;
using shift_amount_type =
typename PreferredIntegerTypesPolicy::template shift_amount_type<FormatTraits>;
using multiplication_traits_ =
multiplication_traits<FormatTraits,
typename cache_holder_type::cache_entry_type,
cache_holder_type::cache_bits>;
auto two_fc = s.remove_sign_bit_and_shift();
auto binary_exponent = exponent_bits;
// Is the input a normal number?
if (binary_exponent != 0) {
binary_exponent += format::exponent_bias - format::significand_bits;
two_fc |= (carrier_uint(1) << (format::significand_bits + 1));
}
// Is the input a subnormal number?
else {
binary_exponent = format::min_exponent - format::significand_bits;
}
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Step 1: Schubfach multiplier calculation.
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Compute k and beta.
auto const minus_k = decimal_exponent_type_(
log::floor_log10_pow2<format::min_exponent - format::significand_bits,
format::max_exponent - format::significand_bits,
decimal_exponent_type_>(binary_exponent) -
kappa);
auto const cache = CachePolicy::template get_cache<format, shift_amount_type>(
decimal_exponent_type_(-minus_k));
auto const beta =
shift_amount_type(binary_exponent + log::floor_log2_pow10<min_k, max_k>(
decimal_exponent_type_(-minus_k)));
// Compute xi and deltai.
// 10^kappa <= deltai < 10^(kappa + 1)
auto const deltai = static_cast<remainder_type_>(
multiplication_traits_::compute_delta(cache, beta));
auto x_result =
multiplication_traits_::compute_mul(carrier_uint(two_fc << beta), cache);
// Deal with the unique exceptional cases
// 29711844 * 2^-82
// = 6.1442653300000000008655037797566933477355632930994033813476... * 10^-18
// and 29711844 * 2^-81
// = 1.2288530660000000001731007559513386695471126586198806762695... * 10^-17
// for binary32.
JKJ_IF_CONSTEXPR(stdr::is_same<format, ieee754_binary32>::value) {
if (binary_exponent <= -80) {
x_result.is_integer = false;
}
}
if (!x_result.is_integer) {
++x_result.integer_part;
}
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Step 2: Try larger divisor; remove trailing zeros if necessary.
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
constexpr auto big_divisor = compute_power<kappa + 1>(remainder_type_(10));
// Using an upper bound on xi, we might be able to optimize the division
// better than the compiler; we are computing xi / big_divisor here.
carrier_uint decimal_significand = div::divide_by_pow10<
kappa + 1, carrier_uint,
carrier_uint((carrier_uint(1) << (significand_bits + 1)) * big_divisor - 1)>(
x_result.integer_part);
auto r = remainder_type_(x_result.integer_part - big_divisor * decimal_significand);
if (r != 0) {
++decimal_significand;
r = remainder_type_(big_divisor - r);
}
do {
if (r > deltai) {
break;
}
else if (r == deltai) {
// Compare the fractional parts.
// This branch is never taken for the exceptional cases
// 2f_c = 29711482, e = -81
// (6.1442649164096937243516663440523473127541365101933479309082... *
// 10^-18) and 2f_c = 29711482, e = -80
// (1.2288529832819387448703332688104694625508273020386695861816... *
// 10^-17).
// For the case of compressed cache for binary32, there is another
// exceptional case 2f_c = 33554430, e = -10 (16383.9990234375). In this
// case, the recovered cache is two large to make compute_mul_parity
// mistakenly conclude that z is not an integer, but actually z = 16384 is
// an integer.
JKJ_IF_CONSTEXPR(
stdr::is_same<cache_holder_type,
compressed_cache_holder<ieee754_binary32>>::value) {
if (two_fc == 33554430 && binary_exponent == -10) {
break;
}
}
auto const z_result = multiplication_traits_::compute_mul_parity(
carrier_uint(two_fc + 2), cache, beta);
if (z_result.parity || z_result.is_integer) {
break;
}
}
// The ceiling is inside, so we are done.
return SignPolicy::handle_sign(
s, TrailingZeroPolicy::template on_trailing_zeros<format>(
decimal_significand, decimal_exponent_type_(minus_k + kappa + 1)));
} while (false);
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Step 3: Find the significand with the smaller divisor.
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
decimal_significand *= 10;
decimal_significand -= div::small_division_by_pow10<kappa>(r);
return SignPolicy::handle_sign(
s, TrailingZeroPolicy::template no_trailing_zeros<format>(
decimal_significand, decimal_exponent_type_(minus_k + kappa)));
}
template <class SignPolicy, class TrailingZeroPolicy, class CachePolicy,
class PreferredIntegerTypesPolicy>
JKJ_FORCEINLINE JKJ_SAFEBUFFERS static JKJ_CONSTEXPR20
return_type<SignPolicy, TrailingZeroPolicy, PreferredIntegerTypesPolicy>
compute_right_closed_directed(signed_significand_bits<FormatTraits> s,
exponent_int exponent_bits) noexcept {
using cache_holder_type = typename CachePolicy::template cache_holder_type<format>;
static_assert(
min_k >= cache_holder_type::min_k && max_k <= cache_holder_type::max_k, "");
using remainder_type_ = remainder_type<PreferredIntegerTypesPolicy>;
using decimal_exponent_type_ = decimal_exponent_type<PreferredIntegerTypesPolicy>;
using shift_amount_type =
typename PreferredIntegerTypesPolicy::template shift_amount_type<FormatTraits>;
using multiplication_traits_ =
multiplication_traits<FormatTraits,
typename cache_holder_type::cache_entry_type,
cache_holder_type::cache_bits>;
auto two_fc = s.remove_sign_bit_and_shift();
auto binary_exponent = exponent_bits;
bool shorter_interval = false;
// Is the input a normal number?
if (binary_exponent != 0) {
if (two_fc == 0 && binary_exponent != 1) {
shorter_interval = true;
}
binary_exponent += format::exponent_bias - format::significand_bits;
two_fc |= (carrier_uint(1) << (format::significand_bits + 1));
}
// Is the input a subnormal number?
else {
binary_exponent = format::min_exponent - format::significand_bits;
}
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Step 1: Schubfach multiplier calculation.
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Compute k and beta.
auto const minus_k = decimal_exponent_type_(
log::floor_log10_pow2<format::min_exponent - format::significand_bits,
format::max_exponent - format::significand_bits,
decimal_exponent_type_>(
exponent_int(binary_exponent - (shorter_interval ? 1 : 0))) -
kappa);
auto const cache = CachePolicy::template get_cache<format, shift_amount_type>(
decimal_exponent_type_(-minus_k));
auto const beta = shift_amount_type(
binary_exponent + log::floor_log2_pow10(decimal_exponent_type_(-minus_k)));
// Compute zi and deltai.
// 10^kappa <= deltai < 10^(kappa + 1)
auto const deltai =
static_cast<remainder_type_>(multiplication_traits_::compute_delta(
cache, shift_amount_type(beta - (shorter_interval ? 1 : 0))));
carrier_uint const zi =
multiplication_traits_::compute_mul(carrier_uint(two_fc << beta), cache)
.integer_part;
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Step 2: Try larger divisor; remove trailing zeros if necessary.
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
constexpr auto big_divisor = compute_power<kappa + 1>(remainder_type_(10));
// Using an upper bound on zi, we might be able to optimize the division better
// than the compiler; we are computing zi / big_divisor here.
carrier_uint decimal_significand = div::divide_by_pow10<
kappa + 1, carrier_uint,
carrier_uint((carrier_uint(1) << (significand_bits + 1)) * big_divisor - 1)>(
zi);
auto const r = remainder_type_(zi - big_divisor * decimal_significand);
do {
if (r > deltai) {
break;
}
else if (r == deltai) {
// Compare the fractional parts.
if (!multiplication_traits_::compute_mul_parity(
carrier_uint(two_fc - (shorter_interval ? 1 : 2)), cache, beta)
.parity) {
break;
}
}
// The floor is inside, so we are done.
return SignPolicy::handle_sign(
s, TrailingZeroPolicy::template on_trailing_zeros<format>(
decimal_significand, decimal_exponent_type_(minus_k + kappa + 1)));
} while (false);
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Step 3: Find the significand with the small divisor.
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
decimal_significand *= 10;
decimal_significand += div::small_division_by_pow10<kappa>(r);
return SignPolicy::handle_sign(
s, TrailingZeroPolicy::template no_trailing_zeros<format>(
decimal_significand, decimal_exponent_type_(minus_k + kappa)));
}
static constexpr bool
is_right_endpoint_integer_shorter_interval(exponent_int binary_exponent) noexcept {
return binary_exponent >= case_shorter_interval_right_endpoint_lower_threshold &&
binary_exponent <= case_shorter_interval_right_endpoint_upper_threshold;
}
static constexpr bool
is_left_endpoint_integer_shorter_interval(exponent_int binary_exponent) noexcept {
return binary_exponent >= case_shorter_interval_left_endpoint_lower_threshold &&
binary_exponent <= case_shorter_interval_left_endpoint_upper_threshold;
}
};
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Policy holder.
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// The library will specify a list of accepted kinds of policies and their defaults,
// and the user will pass a list of policies parameters. The policy parameters are
// supposed to be stateless and only convey information through their types.
// The aim of the helper classes/functions given below is to do the following:
// 1. Check if the policy parameters given by the user are all valid; that means,
// each of them should be at least of one of the kinds specified by the library.
// If that's not the case, then the compilation fails.
// 2. Check if multiple policy parameters for the same kind is specified by the
// user. If that's the case, then the compilation fails.
// 3. Build a class deriving from all policies the user have given, and also from
// the default policies if the user did not specify one for some kinds.
// The library considers a certain policy parameter to belong to a specific kind if and only
// if the parameter's type has a member type with a specific name; for example, it belongs
// to "sign policy" kind if there is a member type sign_policy.
// For a given kind, find a policy belonging to that kind.
// Check if there are more than one such policies.
enum class policy_found_info { not_found, unique, repeated };
template <class Policy, policy_found_info info>
struct found_policy_pair {
// Either the policy parameter type given by the user, or the default policy.
using policy = Policy;
static constexpr auto found_info = info;
};
template <class KindDetector, class DefaultPolicy>
struct detector_default_pair {
using kind_detector = KindDetector;
// Iterate through all given policy parameter types and see if there is a policy
// parameter type belonging to the policy kind specified by KindDetector.
// 1. If there is none, get_found_policy_pair returns
// found_policy_pair<DefaultPolicy, policy_found_info::not_found>.
// 2. If there is only one parameter type belonging to the specified kind, then
// get_found_policy_pair returns
// found_policy_pair<Policy, policy_found_info::unique>
// where Policy is the unique parameter type belonging to the specified kind.
// 3. If there are multiple parameter types belonging to the specified kind, then
// get_found_policy_pair returns
// found_policy_pair<FirstPolicy, policy_found_info::repeated>
// where FirstPolicy is the first parameter type belonging to the specified kind.
// The compilation must fail if this happens.
// This is done by first setting FoundPolicyInfo below to
// found_policy_pair<DefaultPolicy, policy_found_info::not_found>, and then iterate
// over Policies, replacing FoundPolicyInfo by the appropriate one if a parameter
// type belonging to the specified kind is found.
template <class FoundPolicyInfo, class... Policies>
struct get_found_policy_pair_impl;
template <class FoundPolicyInfo>
struct get_found_policy_pair_impl<FoundPolicyInfo> {
using type = FoundPolicyInfo;
};
template <class FoundPolicyInfo, class FirstPolicy, class... RemainingPolicies>
struct get_found_policy_pair_impl<FoundPolicyInfo, FirstPolicy, RemainingPolicies...> {
using type = typename stdr::conditional<
KindDetector{}(dummy<FirstPolicy>{}),
typename stdr::conditional<
FoundPolicyInfo::found_info == policy_found_info::not_found,
typename get_found_policy_pair_impl<
found_policy_pair<FirstPolicy, policy_found_info::unique>,
RemainingPolicies...>::type,
typename get_found_policy_pair_impl<
found_policy_pair<FirstPolicy, policy_found_info::repeated>,
RemainingPolicies...>::type>::type,
typename get_found_policy_pair_impl<FoundPolicyInfo,
RemainingPolicies...>::type>::type;
};
template <class... Policies>
using get_found_policy_pair = typename get_found_policy_pair_impl<
found_policy_pair<DefaultPolicy, policy_found_info::not_found>, Policies...>::type;
};
// Simple typelist of detector_default_pair's.
template <class... DetectorDefaultPairs>
struct detector_default_pair_list {};
// Check if a given policy belongs to one of the kinds specified by the library.
template <class Policy>
constexpr bool check_policy_validity(dummy<Policy>, detector_default_pair_list<>) noexcept {
return false;
}
template <class Policy, class FirstDetectorDefaultPair,
class... RemainingDetectorDefaultPairs>
constexpr bool check_policy_validity(
dummy<Policy>, detector_default_pair_list<FirstDetectorDefaultPair,
RemainingDetectorDefaultPairs...>) noexcept {
return typename FirstDetectorDefaultPair::kind_detector{}(dummy<Policy>{}) ||
check_policy_validity(
dummy<Policy>{},
detector_default_pair_list<RemainingDetectorDefaultPairs...>{});
}
// Check if all of policies belong to some of the kinds specified by the library.
template <class DetectorDefaultPairList>
constexpr bool check_policy_list_validity(DetectorDefaultPairList) noexcept {
return true;
}
template <class DetectorDefaultPairList, class FirstPolicy, class... RemainingPolicies>
constexpr bool check_policy_list_validity(DetectorDefaultPairList,
dummy<FirstPolicy> first_policy,
dummy<RemainingPolicies>... remaining_policies) {
return check_policy_validity(first_policy, DetectorDefaultPairList{}) &&
check_policy_list_validity(DetectorDefaultPairList{}, remaining_policies...);
}
// Actual policy holder class deriving from all specified policy types.
template <class... Policies>
struct policy_holder : Policies... {};
// Iterate through the library-specified list of base-default pairs, i.e., the list of
// policy kinds and their defaults. For each base-default pair, call
// base_default_pair::get_found_policy_pair on the list of user-specified list of
// policies to get found_policy_pair, and build the list of them.
template <bool repeated_, class... FoundPolicyPairs>
struct found_policy_pair_list {
// This will be set to be true if and only if there exists at least one
// found_policy_pair inside FoundPolicyPairs with
// found_info == policy_found_info::repeated, in which case the compilation must
// fail.
static constexpr bool repeated = repeated_;
};
// Iterate through DetectorDefaultPairList and augment FoundPolicyPairList by one at each
// iteration.
template <class DetectorDefaultPairList, class FoundPolicyPairList, class... Policies>
struct make_policy_pair_list_impl;
// When there is no more detector-default pair to iterate, then the current
// found_policy_pair_list is the final result.
template <bool repeated, class... FoundPolicyPairs, class... Policies>
struct make_policy_pair_list_impl<detector_default_pair_list<>,
found_policy_pair_list<repeated, FoundPolicyPairs...>,
Policies...> {
using type = found_policy_pair_list<repeated, FoundPolicyPairs...>;
};
// For the first detector-default pair in the remaining list, call
// detector_default_pair::get_found_policy_pair on Policies and add the returned
// found_policy_pair into the current list of found_policy_pair's, and move to the next
// detector-default pair.
template <class FirstDetectorDefaultPair, class... RemainingDetectorDefaultPairs,
bool repeated, class... FoundPolicyPairs, class... Policies>
struct make_policy_pair_list_impl<
detector_default_pair_list<FirstDetectorDefaultPair, RemainingDetectorDefaultPairs...>,
found_policy_pair_list<repeated, FoundPolicyPairs...>, Policies...> {
using new_found_policy_pair =
typename FirstDetectorDefaultPair::template get_found_policy_pair<Policies...>;
using type = typename make_policy_pair_list_impl<
detector_default_pair_list<RemainingDetectorDefaultPairs...>,
found_policy_pair_list<(repeated || new_found_policy_pair::found_info ==
policy_found_info::repeated),
new_found_policy_pair, FoundPolicyPairs...>,
Policies...>::type;
};
template <class DetectorDefaultPairList, class... Policies>
using policy_pair_list =
typename make_policy_pair_list_impl<DetectorDefaultPairList,
found_policy_pair_list<false>, Policies...>::type;
// Unpack FoundPolicyPairList into found_policy_pair's and build the policy_holder type
// from the corresponding typelist of found_policy_pair::policy's.
template <class FoundPolicyPairList, class... RawPolicies>
struct convert_to_policy_holder_impl;
template <bool repeated, class... RawPolicies>
struct convert_to_policy_holder_impl<found_policy_pair_list<repeated>, RawPolicies...> {
using type = policy_holder<RawPolicies...>;
};
template <bool repeated, class FirstFoundPolicyPair, class... RemainingFoundPolicyPairs,
class... RawPolicies>
struct convert_to_policy_holder_impl<
found_policy_pair_list<repeated, FirstFoundPolicyPair, RemainingFoundPolicyPairs...>,
RawPolicies...> {
using type = typename convert_to_policy_holder_impl<
found_policy_pair_list<repeated, RemainingFoundPolicyPairs...>,
typename FirstFoundPolicyPair::policy, RawPolicies...>::type;
};
template <class FoundPolicyPairList>
using convert_to_policy_holder =
typename convert_to_policy_holder_impl<FoundPolicyPairList>::type;
template <class DetectorDefaultPairList, class... Policies>
struct make_policy_holder_impl {
static_assert(check_policy_list_validity(DetectorDefaultPairList{},
dummy<Policies>{}...),
"jkj::dragonbox: an invalid policy is specified");
static_assert(
!policy_pair_list<DetectorDefaultPairList, Policies...>::repeated,
"jkj::dragonbox: at most one policy should be specified for each policy kind");
using type =
convert_to_policy_holder<policy_pair_list<DetectorDefaultPairList, Policies...>>;
};
template <class DetectorDefaultPairList, class... Policies>
using make_policy_holder =
typename make_policy_holder_impl<DetectorDefaultPairList, Policies...>::type;
// Policy kind detectors.
struct is_sign_policy {
constexpr bool operator()(...) noexcept { return false; }
template <class Policy, class = typename Policy::sign_policy>
constexpr bool operator()(dummy<Policy>) noexcept {
return true;
}
};
struct is_trailing_zero_policy {
constexpr bool operator()(...) noexcept { return false; }
template <class Policy, class = typename Policy::trailing_zero_policy>
constexpr bool operator()(dummy<Policy>) noexcept {
return true;
}
};
struct is_decimal_to_binary_rounding_policy {
constexpr bool operator()(...) noexcept { return false; }
template <class Policy, class = typename Policy::decimal_to_binary_rounding_policy>
constexpr bool operator()(dummy<Policy>) noexcept {
return true;
}
};
struct is_binary_to_decimal_rounding_policy {
constexpr bool operator()(...) noexcept { return false; }
template <class Policy, class = typename Policy::binary_to_decimal_rounding_policy>
constexpr bool operator()(dummy<Policy>) noexcept {
return true;
}
};
struct is_cache_policy {
constexpr bool operator()(...) noexcept { return false; }
template <class Policy, class = typename Policy::cache_policy>
constexpr bool operator()(dummy<Policy>) noexcept {
return true;
}
};
struct is_preferred_integer_types_policy {
constexpr bool operator()(...) noexcept { return false; }
template <class Policy, class = typename Policy::preferred_integer_types_policy>
constexpr bool operator()(dummy<Policy>) noexcept {
return true;
}
};
template <class... Policies>
using to_decimal_policy_holder = make_policy_holder<
detector_default_pair_list<
detector_default_pair<is_sign_policy, policy::sign::return_sign_t>,
detector_default_pair<is_trailing_zero_policy, policy::trailing_zero::remove_t>,
detector_default_pair<is_decimal_to_binary_rounding_policy,
policy::decimal_to_binary_rounding::nearest_to_even_t>,
detector_default_pair<is_binary_to_decimal_rounding_policy,
policy::binary_to_decimal_rounding::to_even_t>,
detector_default_pair<is_cache_policy, policy::cache::full_t>,
detector_default_pair<is_preferred_integer_types_policy,
policy::preferred_integer_types::match_t>>,
Policies...>;
template <class FormatTraits, class... Policies>
using to_decimal_return_type = typename impl<FormatTraits>::template return_type<
typename to_decimal_policy_holder<Policies...>::sign_policy,
typename to_decimal_policy_holder<Policies...>::trailing_zero_policy,
typename to_decimal_policy_holder<Policies...>::preferred_integer_types_policy>;
template <class FormatTraits, class PolicyHolder>
struct to_decimal_dispatcher {
using sign_policy = typename PolicyHolder::sign_policy;
using trailing_zero_policy = typename PolicyHolder::trailing_zero_policy;
using binary_to_decimal_rounding_policy =
typename PolicyHolder::binary_to_decimal_rounding_policy;
using cache_policy = typename PolicyHolder::cache_policy;
using preferred_integer_types_policy =
typename PolicyHolder::preferred_integer_types_policy;
using return_type =
typename impl<FormatTraits>::template return_type<sign_policy, trailing_zero_policy,
preferred_integer_types_policy>;
template <class IntervalTypeProvider>
JKJ_FORCEINLINE JKJ_SAFEBUFFERS JKJ_CONSTEXPR20 return_type
operator()(IntervalTypeProvider, signed_significand_bits<FormatTraits> s,
typename FormatTraits::exponent_int exponent_bits) noexcept {
constexpr auto tag = IntervalTypeProvider::tag;
JKJ_IF_CONSTEXPR(tag == policy::decimal_to_binary_rounding::tag_t::to_nearest) {
return impl<FormatTraits>::template compute_nearest<
sign_policy, trailing_zero_policy, IntervalTypeProvider,
binary_to_decimal_rounding_policy, cache_policy,
preferred_integer_types_policy>(s, exponent_bits);
}
else JKJ_IF_CONSTEXPR(
tag == policy::decimal_to_binary_rounding::tag_t::left_closed_directed) {
return impl<FormatTraits>::template compute_left_closed_directed<
sign_policy, trailing_zero_policy, cache_policy,
preferred_integer_types_policy>(s, exponent_bits);
}
else {
#if JKJ_HAS_IF_CONSTEXPR
static_assert(
tag == policy::decimal_to_binary_rounding::tag_t::right_closed_directed,
"");
#endif
return impl<FormatTraits>::template compute_right_closed_directed<
sign_policy, trailing_zero_policy, cache_policy,
preferred_integer_types_policy>(s, exponent_bits);
}
}
};
}
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// The interface function.
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
template <class FormatTraits, class ExponentBits, class... Policies>
JKJ_FORCEINLINE
JKJ_SAFEBUFFERS JKJ_CONSTEXPR20 detail::to_decimal_return_type<FormatTraits, Policies...>
to_decimal_ex(signed_significand_bits<FormatTraits> s, ExponentBits exponent_bits,
Policies...) noexcept {
// Build policy holder type.
using policy_holder = detail::to_decimal_policy_holder<Policies...>;
return policy_holder::delegate(
s, detail::to_decimal_dispatcher<FormatTraits, policy_holder>{}, s, exponent_bits);
}
template <class Float,
class ConversionTraits = default_float_bit_carrier_conversion_traits<Float>,
class FormatTraits = ieee754_binary_traits<typename ConversionTraits::format,
typename ConversionTraits::carrier_uint>,
class... Policies>
JKJ_FORCEINLINE
JKJ_SAFEBUFFERS JKJ_CONSTEXPR20 detail::to_decimal_return_type<FormatTraits, Policies...>
to_decimal(Float x, Policies... policies) noexcept {
auto const br = make_float_bits<Float, ConversionTraits, FormatTraits>(x);
auto const exponent_bits = br.extract_exponent_bits();
auto const s = br.remove_exponent_bits();
assert(br.is_finite() && br.is_nonzero());
return to_decimal_ex(s, exponent_bits, policies...);
}
}
}
#undef JKJ_HAS_BUILTIN
#undef JKJ_FORCEINLINE
#undef JKJ_SAFEBUFFERS
#undef JKJ_CONSTEXPR20
#undef JKJ_USE_IS_CONSTANT_EVALUATED
#undef JKJ_CAN_BRANCH_ON_CONSTEVAL
#undef JKJ_IF_NOT_CONSTEVAL
#undef JKJ_IF_CONSTEVAL
#undef JKJ_HAS_BIT_CAST
#undef JKJ_IF_CONSTEXPR
#undef JKJ_HAS_IF_CONSTEXPR
#undef JKJ_INLINE_VARIABLE
#undef JKJ_HAS_INLINE_VARIABLE
#undef JKJ_HAS_CONSTEXPR17
#undef JKJ_CONSTEXPR14
#undef JKJ_HAS_CONSTEXPR14
#if JKJ_STD_REPLACEMENT_NAMESPACE_DEFINED
#undef JKJ_STD_REPLACEMENT_NAMESPACE_DEFINED
#else
#undef JKJ_STD_REPLACEMENT_NAMESPACE
#endif
#if JKJ_STATIC_DATA_SECTION_DEFINED
#undef JKJ_STATIC_DATA_SECTION_DEFINED
#else
#undef JKJ_STATIC_DATA_SECTION
#endif
#endif